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  • 1
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    Observation of atmospheric ozone by dial with Raman lasers pumped by a KrF laser (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Since the XeCl excimer laser (308 nm) was first used in Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) for stratospheric ozone detection, the XeCl ozone lidar became a useful tool for the monitoring of the stratospheric ozone concentration. Shorter wavelength lasers are needed for the observation of ozone in the troposphere where the ozone concentration is about one order of magnitude smaller than in the stratosphere. In 1983, tropospheric ozone was observed with the combination of the second Stokes line (290.4 nm) of stimulated Raman scattering from methane pumped by a KrF laser and the XeCl laser line. The measurement of the ozone distribution from ground to 30 km was reported, using three Stokes lines of Raman lasers pumped by a KrF laser. At wavelengths shorter than 295 nm, the background solar radiation is effectively suppressed by atmospheric ozone. Such a solar-blind effect can be expected when two wavelengths 277 and 290.4 nm are used for DIAL ozone detection. A preliminary measurement of the day time ozone distribution in the troposphere is presented using these wavelengths generated by a KrF laser with a Raman shifter. Analysis using the lidar equation predicts the maximum detectable range is 7 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 3 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Numerical simulation of El Chichon volcanic cloud (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The stratospheric volcanic cloud from the eruption of El Chichon, Mexico, on April 4, 1982 was observed routinely by a Nd:YAG lidar system from April 18, 1982 at Kyushu University. There were two phenomena detected by lidar observation of the El Chichon volcanic cloud: (1) The main enhanced layer was formed in the summer easterly wind region over Fukuoka (33.5 deg N, 130.4 deg E). The layer had two high gradient top and bottom boundaries. The layer width slowly broadened until September 1982, when the easterly wind changed to the westerly wind. A similar phenomenon was observed after the eruption of Mt. St. Helens in May 1980. (2) The stratospheric integrated backscattering coefficient (IBC) reached a peak value on May 3, 1982. It then gradually decreased until August, but reincreased significantly from September to December 1982. After January 1983, IBC decreased slowly. This remarkable reincrease had not been seen in past increases which had been observed by lidar at Kyushu University. These phenomena are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 2 p
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Exicimer lidar measurements of ozone (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The observation of the atmospheric ozone profile in an altitude range of 3 to 28 km by means of differential absorption lidar in combination with an XeCl laser (308 nm) and SRS pumped by a KrF laser (249 nm) is discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Comparative study of aerosols observed by YAG lidar and airborne detectors (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The causal relationships of very large (tropical) volcanic eruptions and El Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO) based on the unequal atmospheric heating by aerosols observed by lidar and airborne detectors are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 4 p
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Lidar observations of the El Chichon cloud in the stratosphere over Fukuoka (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A volcanic cloud in the stratosphere, originating from the March to April 1982 eruptions of El Chichon, has been observed for about 2.5 years at Fukuoka (33.5 degrees N, 130.4 degrees E) with two wavelengths of Nd-YAG lidar, 1.06 and 0.53 microns. Time and height variabilities of the cloud are described, using the 1.06 microns data, and some results of the two-wavelength measurements are presented. A sudden enormous increase in the total aerosol backscattering from the stratosphere (backscattering coefficient for 1.06 microns integrated over 13.5 to 28.5 km range) was followed by a decrease from late spring to summer with large fluctuations. The cloud initially appeared stratified into two layers: the upper one with fine structure and sharp edges in the easterly wind region and the lower dumpy one in the westerly wind region. Most of the aerosols were contained in the upper layer. The two layers merged into a broad, single-peaked layer as the easterly prevailed in the whole region in fall, when the total aerosol backscattering began to increase. The layer then decreased its peak height as it broadened. The difference in shape of both layers and the increase of total backscattering from fall can be interpreted by the difference in velocity of material transport in the easterly and the westerly wind region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    HF Doppler observations of acoustic waves excited by the earthquake (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ionospheric disturbances caused by the earthquake of a relatively small and large epicentral distance have been detected by a network of HF-Doppler sounders in central Japan and Kyoto station, respectively. The HF-Doppler data of a small epicentral distance, together with the seismic data, have been used to formulate a mechanism whereby ionospheric disturbances are produced by the Urakawa-Oki earthquake in Japan. Comparison of the dynamic spectra of these data has revealed experimentally that the atmosphere acts as a low-pass filter for upward-propagating acoustic waves. By surveying the earthquakes for which the magnitude M is larger than 6.0, researchers found the ionospheric effect in 16 cases of 82 seismic events. As almost all these effects have occurred in the daytime, it is considered that it may result from the filtering effect of the upward-propagating acoustic waves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; p 310-318
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Two classes of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed with an array on HF-Doppler sounders (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The importance of the quasi-evanescent mode of acoustic-gravity waves (AGW) was recently stressed to elaborate on the daytime dispersion characteristics of horizontal velocity of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MS-TID) which were observed by a high frequency Doppler (HFD) sounder array in central Japan. Observed MS-TIDs were classified into two categories: the internal mode and the quasi-evanescent mode as regards physical implication. Nonlinear wave-wave interaction is proposed in an attempt to explain salient features of the latter-class TID.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 5 p
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Abyssal tholeiites from the Oceanographer Fracture Zone. II - Phase equilibria and mixing (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology; 70; 1979
    Format: text
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