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  • 1
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    Abnormally large electron concentration in the ionospheric F2 region at summer-night in middle latitudes. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-12
    Description: F 2 region electron density anomaly at summer night in middle latitudes implied by critical frequency diurnal variations
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 2
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    Wind and waves in the middle atmosphere observed with the MU radar (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The VHF band MU radar at Shigaraki, Japan, has been in full operation successfully since April 1985. Dynamical features found primarily in the data obtained by the radar during a one year period from December 1985 to November 1986 are examined. These include: basic wind observations, quasi-monochromatic gravity waves generated by the jet stream or through a geostrophic adjustment process, seasonal variation of the mesoscale wind variability, the momentum flux due to gravity wave motions, and saturated gravity wave spectrum. A short discussion is added to the relationship between turbulent layers and ambient wind field in the mesosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 427-438
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  • 3
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    Spectral analysis of temperature and Brunt-Vaisala frequency fluctuations observed by radiosondes (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Recent studies have revealed that vertical wave number spectra of wind velocity and temperture fluctuations in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are fairly well explained by a saturated gravity wave spectrum. But N(2) (N:Brunt-Vaisala (BV) frequency) spectra seem to be better for testing the scaling of the vertical wave number spectra in layers with different stratifications, beause its energy density is proportional only to the background value of N(2), while that for temperature depends on both the BV frequency and the potential temperature. From temperature profiles observed in June to August 1987 over the MU Observatory, Japan, by using a radiosonde with 30 m height resolution, N(2) spectra are determined in the 2 to 8.5 km (troposphere) and 18.5 to 25 km (lower stratosphere) ranges. Although individual spectra show fairly large day-by-day variability, the slope of the median of 34 spectra agrees reasonably with the theoretical value of -1 in the wave number range of 6 x 10(-4) similar to 3 x 10(-3) (c/m). The ratio of the spectral energy between these two height regions is about equal to the ratio of N(2), consistent with the prediction of saturated gravity wave theory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 461-468
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  • 4
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    MU radar observation of a mesospheric gravity wave breaking caused by convective instability (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In recent measurements of mesospheric winds with the MU radar at Shigaraki (34.9 N, 136.1 E), Japan, a couple of wind velocity data was obtained showing that a monochromatic inertia-gravity wave was propagating vertically in the mesosphere. The data show that the velocity amplitude of the wave did not increase exponentially above a height and further show that the wave form had broken down at a level. Evaluating the changes of the atmospheric stability in the wave field from the measured wind data and from the estimated wave parameters, the breakdown of the wave was shown to be connected with the occurrence of convective instability in the wave field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 447-448
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  • 5
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    Tropospheric turbulence parameters measured by using the MU radar (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The spectral width of the Doppler radar echo has been used to estimate the atmospheric turbulence parameters because it is directly related to the kinetic energy contained in the turbulence. However, sufficient care must be taken in deriving the turbulence parameters since the measured spectral width can be easily affected by undesired factors such as beam broadening, shear broadening, and the temporal variation of the wind field. Here researchers examine these factors in the case of the MU radar observation of the upper troposphere, and present preliminary results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 20; 4 p
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  • 6
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    Observations of gravity waves in the mesosphere with the MU radar (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Wind motions were observed at 60 to 90 km altitudes with the MU radar during daylight hours (0800 to 1600 LT) from 13 to 31 October 1986. Quasi-monochromatic gravity waves were evident on 16 of the 19 days of observations. They were characterized by typical vertical wavelength of 5 to 15 km and intrinsic periods centered at about 9 hours. The propagation direction of the gravity waves, determined by the gravity wave dispersion relation, was mostly equatorward. The vertical wave number spectra of the horizontal components of the mesoscale wind fluctuations are explained well by saturated gravity wave theory. The frequency spectrum of vertical wind component has a slope of + 1/3, while the oblique spectra have a slope of -5/3 up to 4 x 10(-3) (c/s); these agree fairly well with model gravity wave spectra. Doppler shift effects on the frequency spectra are recognized at higher frequencies. Upward flux was determined of horizontal momentum flux induced by waves with periods from 10 min to 8 hours, and westward and northward body forces of 5.1 and 4.0 m/s/day, were estimated respectively.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 469-476
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  • 7
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    Equatorial radar system (1989)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A large clear air radar with the sensitivity of an incoherent scatter radar for observing the whole equatorial atmosphere up to 1000 km altitude is now being designed in Japan. The radar, called the Equatorial Radar, will be built in Pontianak, Kalimantan Island, Indonesia (0.03 N, 109.3 E). The system is a 47 MHz monostatic Doppler radar with an active phased array configuration similar to that of the MU radar in Japan, which has been in successful operation since 1983. It will have a PA product of more than 5 x 10(9) sq. Wm (P = average transmitter power, A = effective antenna aperture) with sensitivity more than 10 times that of the MU radar. This system configuration enables pulse-to-pulse beam steering within 25 deg from the zenith. As is the case of the MU radar, a variety of sophisticated operations will be made feasible under the supervision of the radar controller. A brief description of the system configuration is presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 13-15
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  • 8
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    Principles of magnetohydrodynamic simulation in space plasmas (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Attention is given to the philosophical as well as physical principles that are essential to the establishment of MHD simulation studies for solar plasma research, assuming the capabilities of state-of-the-art computers and emphasizing the importance of 'local' MHD simulation. Solar-terrestrial plasma space is divided into several elementary regions where a macroscopic elementary energy conversion process could conceivably occur; the local MHD simulation is defined as self-contained in each of the regions. The importance of, and the difficulties associated with, the boundary condition are discussed in detail. The roles of diagnostics and of the finite difference method are noted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 9
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    Evaluation of effective eddy diffusive coefficients using radar observations of turbulence in the stratosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Illinois Univ. Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 2: (NASA-CR-175509); p 363-369
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  • 10
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    Neutral sheet current interruption and field-aligned current generation by three-dimensional driven reconnection (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Externally-driven reconnection is simulated by solving the magnetohydrodynamic equations in a three-dimensional, tail-like geometry. As reconnection proceeds, the tail current is interrupted locally and field-aligned currents are generated. The field-aligned current flows towards the ionosphere on the morning side and away from the ionosphere in the evening. The field-aligned currents flow in a narrow band at the outer edge of the plasma sheet. Thus, the simulation demonstrates that the nightside substorm current system is a natural consequence of the driven reconnection model.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A137238 , AFGL-TR-84-0019 , Geophysical Research Letters; 10; Mar. 198
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