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  • 1
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    Tectonic stress - Models and magnitudes (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown that global data on directions of principal stresses in plate interiors can serve as a test of possible plate tectonic force models. Such tests performed to date favor force models in which ridge pushing forces play a significant role. For such models the general magnitude of regional deviatoric stresses is comparable to the 200-300 bar compressive stress exerted by spreading ridges. An alternative approach to estimating magnitudes of regional deviatoric stresses from stress orientations is to seek regions of local stress either demonstrably smaller than or larger than the regional stresses. The regional stresses in oceanic intraplate regions are larger than the 100-bar compression exerted by the Ninetyeast Ridge and less than the bending stresses (not less than 1 kbar) beneath Hawaii.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 2
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    The OI 989-A tropical nightglow (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Attention is given to the morphology and origin of the OI 989 A emission in the tropical nightglow. Dielectronic recombination of O(+) is suggested as the mechanism responsible for populating the 3s' 3D0 state of this 2p4 3P 3s' 3D0 emission. The spectrometer used is that aboard the STP 78-1 satellite, which is in sun-synchronous orbit. The emission morphology is characterized by tropical arcs on each side of the dip equator.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 11; 569-571
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  • 3
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    Tomographic inversion of satellite photometry (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An inversion algorithm capable of reconstructing the volume emission rate of thermospheric airglow features from satellite photometry has been developed. The accuracy and resolution of this technique are investigated using simulated data, and the inversions of several sets of observations taken by the Visible Airglow Experiment are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 3409-341
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  • 4
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    True polar wander and plate-driving forces (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The nature of net torques applied to the lithosphere by ridge and trench forces as implied by the absence of recent true polar wander is explored. The 'ridge push' and 'trench pull' forces and the potential net torques on the global lithosphere contributed by each of these forces are discussed. It is shown that the relative magnitudes of the net torques contributed by ridge and trench forces are constrained by the absence of true polar wander during the Cenozoic and by the magnitudes of basal shear stresses on the faster moving plates. It is suggested that the lack of recent true polar wander may be due at least in part to the coincidence of a near cancellation of net torques contributed by ridge and trench forces.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1837-184
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  • 5
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    Source mechanisms of earthquakes near mid-ocean ridges from body waveform inversion - Implications for the early evolution of oceanic lithosphere (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An evaluation is presented of the tectonics of the near-ridge environment based on the source mechanisms of earthquakes in young oceanic lithosphere. A catalog of near-ridge earthquakes is presented, and source parameters are determined from body waveform inversions. Source parameter-age relations are examined, and the near-ridge seismicity of the Indian Ocean is discussed. Deep normal faulting in young oceanic lithosphere is addressed, as is the relationship between thermoelastic stress and near-ridge earthquakes. The possibility of secondary convection beneath young oceanic lithosphere is considered. Finally, the broader tectonic implications of these results for the evolution of young oceanic lithosphere are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 11415-11
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  • 6
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    An extensive region of off-ridge normal-faulting earthquakes in the southern Indian Ocean (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A verified prediction of the theory of plate tectonics is that the focal mechanisms of earthquakes on the mid-ocean ridge system indicate either normal faulting on ridge segments or strike-slip faulting on transform faults. A broad region in the southern Indian Ocean which differs from typical ridge and intraplate regimes has been identified. In this region a number of large off-ridge earthquakes have occurred in the last 20 years. The mechanisms for these events, where known, all involve normal faulting. Nine of these earthquakes have been studied in detail using a formal inversion technique based on matching synthetic body waves to observed seismograms.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 2425-244
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  • 7
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    Application of Laser Ranging and VLBI Data to a Study of Plate Tectonic Driving Forces (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The conditions under which changes in plate driving or resistive forces associated with plate boundary earthquakes are measurable with laser ranging or very long base interferometry were investigated. Aspects of plate forces that can be characterized by such measurements were identified. Analytic solutions for two dimensional stress diffusion in a viscoelastic plate following earthquake faulting on a finite fault, finite element solutions for three dimensional stress diffusion in a viscoelastic Earth following earthquake faulting, and quantitative constraints from modeling of global intraplate stress on the magnitude of deviatoric stress in the lithosphere are among the topics discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-163019 , Conf. on the Magnitude of Deviatoric Stresses in the Earth''s Crust and Upper Mantle; Jul 29, 1979 - Aug 02, 1979; Carmel, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Tectonic stress in the plates (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In the present paper, the basic set of global intraplate stress orientation data is plotted and tabulated. Although the global intraplate stress field is complicated, several large-scale patterns can be seen. Much of stable North America is characterized by an E-W to NE-SW trend for the maximum compressive stress. South American lithosphere beneath the Andes, and perhaps farther east in the stable interior, has horizontal compressive stresses trending E-W to NW-SE. Western Europe north of the Alps is characterized by a NW-SE trending maximum horizontal compression, while Asia has the maximum horizontal compressive stress trending more nearly N-S, especially near the Himalayan front.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 17; Aug. 197
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  • 9
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    Comparison of measured and modeled solar EUV flux and its effect on the E-F1 region ionosphere (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Two different photochemical schemes are used to investigate the response of the E-F1 region ionosphere to different solar EUV flux models, and the results are compared with incoherent scatter radar electron density measurements taken at Millstone Hill. The latest EUV flux model (Tobiska, 1991), which incorporates more recent measurements, has generally more flux at short wavelengths compared to the Hinteregger et al. (1981) flux model based on AE-E satellite data. This results in better agreement with the measurements in the E-F1 region and above. The Tobiska flux model gives a smaller E region peak density, due to the influence of low Ly-beta flux in the November 10, 1988 rocket measurements of Woods and Rottman (1990). The photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections of Conway (1988) give results in somewhat better agreement with observations than the cross sections of Torr et al. (1979). For the zenith angles considered (daytime conditions), the Chapman function method for calculating photoabsorption yields results in satisfactory agreement with a more rigorous calculation method using a formula from Rees (1989).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; A7 J; 10
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  • 10
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    Reevaluation of the O(+)(2P) reaction rate coefficients derived from Atmosphere Explorer C observations (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: O(+)(2P) is an important species for studies of the ionosphere and thermosphere: its emission at 7320 A can be used as a diagnostic of the thermospheric atomic oxygen density. Unfortunately, there are no laboratory measurements of the O and N2 reaction rates which are needed to determine the major sinks of (O+)(2p). We have recalculated the O and N2 reaction rates for O(+) (2P) using recent improvements in the solar EUV flux, cross sections, and photoelectron fluxes. For the standard solar EUV flux, the new N2 reaction rate of 3.4 +/- 1.5 x 10 exp -10 cu cm/s is close to the value obtained by Rusch et al. (1977), but the new O reaction rate of 4.0 +/- 1.9 x 10 exp -10 cu cm/sec is about 8 times larger. These new reaction rates are derived using neutral densities, electron density, and solar EUV fluxes measured by Atmosphere Explorer C in 1974 during solar minimum. The new theoretical emission rates are in good agreement with the data for the two orbits studied by Rusch et al.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A9; p. 15,589-15,597.
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