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  • 1
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    Mauna Kea (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Mauna Kea, the highest of Hawaii's five volcanoes, is the only high landmass in the central Pacific Ocean basin to bear unmistakable signs of Pleistocene glaciation. The stratigraphic record indicates that a summit ice cap formed and disappeared at least four times in the last 250,000 years, and that volcanic eruptions characterized not only the interglacial intervals, but also two of the glacial periods as well. Exposed rock units on the upper slopes of Mauna Kea have been divided into two major groups based on gross lithologic character. The Hamakua Group comprises the bulk of the subaerial shield of the volcano and consists largely of thin-bedded pahoehoe flows of olivine basalt. The overlying Laupahoehoe Group consists of a thin cap of alkalic lavas and pyroclastic layers confined largely to the upper slopes of the mountain. Interstratified with the volcanic units are sedimentary formations that provide evidence of four episodes of ice cap glaciation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Ames Res. Center Guidebook to the Hawaiian Planetology Conf.; p 239-246
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    An analytic formulation for heating source memory in the thermospheric composition (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Numerical calculations from a spectral circulation model are utilized to construct an analytic Green's function formulation describing the meridional, time-dependent thermospheric composition and temperature response during magnetic storms. The purpose is to develop a formulation that embodies source memory while being sufficiently simple to serve as a heuristic guide for empirical modeling. By passing from the discrete Fourier series representation, utilized for the numerical circulation model, to a continuous Fourier integral representation, explicit waves are obtained for the thermospheric response times. The response times are altitude and species dependent and can exceed two days below 200 km. Thus, for certain storm scenarios, pronounced source memory signatures for the composition and temperature are predicted. Response times obtained from the formulation are shown to give a response consistent with previously published neutral composition data from AE-C for the February 1974 storm when an ap dependent heat source is employed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Semiempirical modeling of thermospheric magnetic storms (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An improved formulation for empirical modeling of magnetic storm effects in neutral thermospheric composition and temperature is utilized in a study of two disturbed periods. The formulation, which incorporates the prior history of the heat input rather than a single phase delay, is based on a Fourier integral representation of an existing theoretical model. This results in an improved representation of the detailed time variations and a better carry-over of model parameters from one storm to the other and provides a basis for theoretical interpretation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Direct evidence of transport processes in the thermospheric diurnal tide (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Measurements of neutral composition and temperature obtained between December 6, 1975, and September 17, 1976, with instruments aboard the near-equatorial AE-E satellite are analyzed to determine the diurnal variations at altitudes from 145 to 295 km. The general trends, including the shift in oxygen phase from afternoon at high altitudes to morning at low altitudes, are reproduced by circulation theories. The oxygen and helium variations show small departures from diffusive equilibrium below 200 km that are consistent with wind-induced diffusion and provide the first direct evidence of transport processes in the diurnal tide of the thermosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; July 1
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Upper limits on production rate of NO per ion pair (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The maximum production rate of NO per ion pair during a solar proton event has been calculated using an approach described by Porter et al. (1976). For altitudes between 80 and 120 km the calculation yields a limit of 2.68 NO per ion pair for 10 keV electrons, a value which is consistent with the rates implied by the measurements of Arnold (1978) as quoted by Fabian et al. (1979). For altitudes below 80 km the maximum rate of NO production is calculated to be 1.46 to 1.53 NO per ion pair.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 280; July 12
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Iterative solution of the multistream electron transport equation. I - Comparison with laboratory beam injection experiments (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Neumann iteration method presently used for solving the electron transport equation in which energy, attitude, and pitch angle are independent variables is fast, and can compute numerical point-response-function solutions of the electron transport equation. Because both the inelastic cross sections and angular elastic cross sections of the model are empirically based, the solutions obtained represent a test of compatibility between various sets of cross sections and energy deposition measurements. The use of a numerical quadrature based on analytic phase function forms yields accurate phase function integrals at low computational cost.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 5933-595
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  • 7
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    Microwave characteristics of the ocean surface in the 1-10 GHz band (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The microwave characteristics of calm, rough, and foam-covered ocean surfaces were studied, and a technique was developed for deriving thermodynamic ocean surface temperatures from brightness temperatures measured by an earth-orbiting radiometer. This investigation encompassed frequencies in the range 1 to 10 GHz (wavelength range of 30 to 3 cm) and was based on the use of a one-dimensional geometrical optics roughness model, including shadowing and multiple scattering of radiant electromagnetic energy. Provision is made in the model for characterizing surface roughness through the rms slope versus wind velocity relations previously established. Suitable foam and atmospheric models were superimposed on the roughness model.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 4; 19 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Degradation by the atmosphere of microwave radiometric observations from space - 0.5 to 20 GHz, volume 2 Final report (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Brightness temperatures and emissivities of sea water
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-86385
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    An analytical study of measured radiometric data. Volume 2 - Sea water data (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Microwave radiometer analysis of sea water, salines, quartz sand, and crushed limestone - sea water plots and printout
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-108260
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Feasibility study of microwave radiometric remote sensing, volume 1 (1969)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Feasibility study of microwave radiometric remote sensing of terrestrial materials with bibliography
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-86296
    Format: application/pdf
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