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  • 1
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    Analysis of GASP carbon monoxide data (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 189-190
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Simultaneous measurements of carbon monoxide and ozone in the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is noted that the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) was intended to establish global baseline values of selected atmospheric constituents that could be used for studies of the dynamics of the sampled region as well as for modeling purposes. Instrument packages were carried on four Boeing 747 aircraft in routine commercial service. Carbon monoxide and ozone data were collected simultaneously from early 1977 to early 1979 when GASP terminated. CO was measured with an infrared absorption analyzer using dual isotope fluorescence. Ozone was measured via absorption of UV light. Correlations between the CO and the O3 are tabulated; they are clearly negative for both troposphere and stratosphere in middle latitudes, indicating that transport processes between the stratosphere and troposphere (discussed) dominate. But in the low latitude troposphere the correlations are positive, indicating the possible influence of photochemical effects.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Radiative heating rates near the stratospheric fountain (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Radiative heating rates are computed for various sets of conditions thought to be appropriate to the stratospheric fountain region: with and without a layer of cirrus cloud between 100 and 150 mbar; with standard ozone and with decreased ozone in the lower stratosphere, again with and without the cirrus cloud; and with different temperatures in the tropopause region. The presence of the cloud decreases the radiative cooling below the cloud in the upper troposphere and increases the cooling above it in the lower stratosphere. The cloud is heated at the base and cooled at the top and thus radiatively destabilized; overall it gains energy by radiation. Decreasing ozone above the cloud also tends to cool the lower stratosphere. The net effect is a tendency for vertical convergence and horizontal divergence in the cloud region. High resolution profiles of temperature, ozone, and cloudiness within the fountain region are required in order to assess the final balance of the various processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 1380-138
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  • 4
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    Meteorological and ecological monitoring of the stratosphere and mesosphere (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A concept for determining the constituent densities of ozone, atomic oxygen, aerosols, and neutral density in the 20 to 1000 km region of the atmosphere from a satellite was developed. The concept includes the daytime measurement of solar scattering at the earth's limb in selected narrow spectral bands of the ultraviolet and visible regions, and the measurement of selected (dayglow) emissions. Nighttime measurements of the atmospheric extinction of stellar energy in selected bands are also considered as are simultaneous measurements of the 5577 airglow and molecular oxygen emission in the Herzberg band. Radiative-transfer models and recursive inversion algorithms are developed for the measurements, and the accuracy of the concept is assessed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2094 , AER-12-F
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Analysis of remote measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations made during the 1979 Summer Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Mixing ratios of tropospheric CO as measured by an aircraft-mounted radiometer over Saudi Arabia, the Arabian Sea, and northern India during May and June 1979 are reported. During early May, exceptionally high CO levels were detected over Saudi Arabia, and strong horizontal gradients in CO mixing ratios were seen to develop over a period of several days. Over the Arabian Sea, mixing ratios of the order of 150 parts per billion by volume were observed before the monsoon onset, and a pronounced decrease in CO was detected toward the equator. Subsequent measurements after the monsoon had become established revealed a consistent decrease in CO mixing ratio across this region. Analysis of aircraft dropsonde data and constant pressure daily streamline charts lend strong support to the hypothesis that this reduction is associated with the influx of CO-poor Southern Hemisphere air in the monsoon southwesterlies.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 9827-983
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  • 6
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    Regional studies of potential carbon monoxide sources based on Space Shuttle and aircraft measurements (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Carbon monoxide measurements made from the Space Shuttle show maxima over South America, central Africa, the eastern Mediterranean, and China. The maxima appear to be associated with either concomitant or prior convection in the air masses which carries boundary layer air into the upper troposphere. Previous aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide and ozone over South America are shown to be consistent with this view. In the tropics the three regions of long-term mean rising motion, which form part of the Walker circulation, are associated with elevated carbon monoxide.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (ISSN 0167-7764); 6; 61-81
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  • 7
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    Strat-trop exchange (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere is important to the chemical composition of both regions. The export of ozone from the stratosphere provides the troposphere with a means of initiating photochemistry. The precursor molecules originating from the planetary surface provide the stratosphere with its chemical feedstock from which the ozone-controlling HO(x), NO(x), and Cl(x) photochemistries are driven. The tropopause is defined both statistically and in a local, synoptic sense by the value P(sub theta) = .000016 K sq m/kg/s, taken from an objective analysis of 8 years of zonal, temporal mean cross sections of potential temperature, wind and potential vorticity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Assessment of our Understanding of the Processes Controlling its Present Distribution and Change, Volume 1; 92 p
    Format: text
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