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  • 1
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    Stratospheric warming observed by Nimbus 4 (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Nimbus 4 satellite selective chopper radiometer data on IR radiation emitted by carbon dioxide, considering stratospheric warming
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 2
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    Thermal models pertaining to continental growth (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-29
    Beschreibung: Thermal models are important to understanding continental growth as the genesis, stabilization, and possible recycling of continental crust are closely related to the tectonic processes of the earth which are driven primarily by heat. The thermal energy budget of the earth was slowly decreasing since core formation, and thus the energy driving the terrestrial tectonic engine was decreasing. This fundamental observation was used to develop a logic tree defining the options for continental growth throughout earth history.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Workshop on the Growth of Continental Crust; p 103-105
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  • 3
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    Thermal control of the style of extensional tectonics (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Crustal extension is accommodated by a wide range of structural styles ranging from high-angle normal faults to low-angle detachments. In some areas different structural styles are superposed by multiple extension events, and in other areas different structural styles are juxtaposed. As shown with examples from the Rio Grande rift and the Red Sea-Gulf of Aden rift system, high strains and low-angle faulting are commonly spatially and temporally associated with a hot and probably thin lithosphere as indicated by major magmatic activity. Theoretical studies of strength profiles in the lithosphere suggest that there may effectively be a critical range for the geotherm above which low-angle faulting and crustal decollement may be favored over high-angle faulting.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Papers Presented to the Conference on Heat and Detachment in Crustal Extension on Continents and Planets; p 97-98
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  • 4
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    Thermal contraints on high-pressure granulite metamorphism of supracrustal rocks (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The circumstances leading to the formation and exposure at the Earth's surface of supracrustal granulites are examined. These are defined as sediments, volcanics, and other rock units which originally formed at the surface of the Earth, were metamorphosed to high-pressure granulite facies (T = 700-900 C, P = 5-10 kbar), and reexposed at the Earth's surface, in many cases underlain by normal thicknesses of continental crust (30-40 km). Five possible heating mechanisms to account for granulite metamorphism of supracrustal rocks are discussed: magnetic heating, thermal relaxation of perturbed temperature profiles following underthrusting of the continental crust, thermal relaxation after underthrusting of thin slivers of supracrustal rocks below continental crust of normal thickness, major preheating of the upper plate, and shear heating caused by frictional stress along the thrust plane.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 13-19
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  • 5
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    Continental rifting - Progress and outlook (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is noted that in spite of the flood of new data on continental rifts in the last 15 years, there is little consensus about the basic mechanisms and causes of rifting. The remarkable similarities in rift cross sections (shown in a figure), are considered to suggest that the anomalous lithospheric structure of rifts is more dependent on lithosphere properties than the mode of rifting. It is thought that there is a spectrum of rifting processes for which two fundamental mechanisms can be postulated: an active mechanism, whereby thermal energy is transmitted into the lithosphere from the underlying asthenosphere, and a passive mechanism by which mechanical energy is transmitted laterally through the lithosphere as a consequence of plate interactions at a distance. In order to permit the concept of the two fundamentally different mechanisms to be tested, a tentative classification is proposed that divides rifts into two basic categories: active rifting and passive rifting. Here, the magnitude of active rifting will depend on the rate at which lithosphere moves over the thermal source, with rifts being restricted to stationary or slow-moving plates.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: EOS; 62; July 21
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  • 6
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    Heat transfer by fluids in granulite metamorphism (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The thermal role of fluids in granulite metamorphism was presented. It was shown that for granulites to be formed in the middle crust, heat must be advected by either magma or by volatile fluids, such as water or CO2. Models of channelized fluid flow indicate that there is little thermal difference between channelized and pervasive fluid flow, for the same total fluid flux, unless the channel spacing is of the same order or greater than the thickness of the layer through which the fluids flow. The volumes of volatile fluids required are very large and are only likely to be found associated with dehydration of a subducting slab, if volatile fluids are the sole heat source for granulite metamorphism.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Workshop on the Deep Continental Crust of South India; p 109-111
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  • 7
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    Flood basalts and mass extinctions (1988)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: There appears to be a correlation between the times of flood basalts and mass-extinction events. There is a correlation of flood basalts and hotspot tracks--flood basalts appear to mark the beginning of a new hotspot. Perhaps there is an initial instability in the mantle that bursts forth as a flood basalt but then becomes a steady trickle that persists for many tens of millions of years. Suppose that flood basalts and not impacts cause the environmental changes that lead to mass-extinctions. This is a very testable hypothesis: it predicts that the ages of the flows should agree exactly with the times of extinctions. The Deccan and K-T ages agree with this hypothesis; An iridium anomaly at extinction boundaries apparently can be explained by a scaled-up eruption of the Hawaiian type; the occurrence of shocked-quartz is more of a problem. However if the flood basalts are all well dated and their ages indeed agree with extinction times, then surely some mechanism to appropriately produce shocked-quartz will be found.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality; p 126
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  • 8
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    Intercomparison of various measurements of thermal plasma densities at and near the plasmapause (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Four methods of investigating the thermal plasma density near the plasmapause are intercompared for the period of July 1 to 15, 1972. These methods are whistlers, the double floating probe on Explorer 45, three IMP I plasma wave signatures, and observations made aboard both Prognoz 1 and Prognoz 2. Explorer 45 data have provided new information on the plasmapause bulge which, during this period, occurs at 16 L.T. This displacement from the accepted time of 18 L.T. or even later is substantiated by the Russian satellites. All methods give the result that the plasmapause is found at an electron number density somewhere between 20 and 120 per cu cm or, alternatively, at 60 per cu cm, to within a factor of 2.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Global gravity survey by an orbiting gravity gradiometer (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The scientific aims, design, and mission profile of the Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer Mission (SGGM), a NASA spacecraft mission proposed for the late 1990s, are discussed and illustrated with drawings and diagrams. SGGM would complement the two other planned gravimetry missions, GRM and Aristoteles, and would provide gravitational-field measurements with accuracy 2-3 mGal in 55 x 55-km blocks. The principal instruments are a (1) three-axis superconducting gravity gradiometer with intrinsic sensitivity 100 microeotvos/sq rt Hz, (2) a six-axis superconducting accelerometer with sensitivity 100 fg(E)/sq rt Hz linear and 10 prad/sec squared sq rt Hz angular, and (3) a six-axis shaker for active control of the platform. Consideration is given to the error budget and platform requirements, the orbit selection criteria, and the spacecraft design.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 69; 1601
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  • 10
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    Thermal implications of metamorphism in greenstone belts and the hot asthenosphere-thick continental lithoshere paradox (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: From considerations of secular cooling of the Earth and the slow decay of radiogenic heat sources in the Earth with time, the conclusion that global heat loss must have been higher in the Archean than at present seems inescapable. The mechanism by which this additional heat was lost and the implications of higher heat low for crustal temperatures are fundamental unknowns in our current understanding of Archean tectonics and geological processes. Higher heat loss implies that the average global geothermal gradient was higher in the Archean than at present, and the restriction of ultramafic komatiites to the Archean and other considerations suggests that the average temperature of the mantle was several hundred degrees hotter during the Archean than today. In contrast, there is little petrologic evidence that the conditions of metamorphism or crustal thickness (including maximum crustal thickness under mountains) were different in archean continental crust from the Phanerozoic record. Additionally, Archean ages have recently been determined for inclusions in diamonds from Cretaceous kimeberlites in South Africa, indicating temperatures of 900 to 1300 at depths of 150 to 215 km (45 to 65 kbar) in the Archean mantle, again implying relatively low geothermal gradients at least locally in the Archean. The thermal implications of metamorphism are examined, with special reference to greenstone belts, and a new thermal model of the continental lithosphere is suggested which is consistent with thick continental lithosphere and high asthenosphere temperatures in the Archean.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on the Tectonic Evolution of Greenstone Belts; p 81-83
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