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  • 1
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    Measurements of thermospheric response to auroral activities (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Joule heating produced by auroral electrojets and its thermospheric response can be studied by monitoring the thermospheric temperatures by optical methods; simultaneously, the concurrent auroral electrojet activities can be investigated by using geomagnetic records obtained from stations along a meridian close to the observation site of optical measurements. The measurements are reported of thermospheric response to auroral activities which were made at Albany (42.68 deg N, 73.82 deg W), New York on September 2, 1978 (UT) when an isolated substorm occured. The thermospheric temperatures were measured by using a high resolution Fabry-Perot interferometer that determines the line profiles of the (OI) 6300A line emission. The intensities and latitudinal positions of auroral electrojets were obtained by the analysis of magnetograms from the IMS Fort Churchill meridian chain stations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Thermosphere Dynamics Workshop, Volume 2; p 269-274
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  • 2
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    Intercomparison of hydrologic processes in global climate models (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this report, we address the intercomparison of precipitation (P), evaporation (E), and surface hydrologic forcing (P-E) for 23 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) general circulation models (GCM's) including relevant observations, over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The intercomparison includes global and hemispheric means, latitudinal profiles, selected area means for the tropics and extratropics, ocean and land, respectively. In addition, we have computed anomaly pattern correlations among models and observations for different seasons, harmonic analysis for annual and semiannual cycles, and rain-rate frequency distribution. We also compare the joint influence of temperature and precipitation on local climate using the Koeppen climate classification scheme.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-104617 , NAS 1.15:104617
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  • 3
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    Comparison of phase and amplitude structures of Pc 5 pulsations in the morning and afternoon sectors (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: North American IMS magnetometer network data are used in comparisons of the spatial phase and amplitude structures of the morning and afternoon Pc 5 pulsations, using cross spectral analysis of phase and amplitude readings between different stations. The spatial phase structures are found to be very similar in the morning and afternoon sectors for each of the three components. Amplitudes are larger in the magnetic north than in the magnetic east components for both sectors. Latitudinal amplitude and phase difference variations between the magnetic north and east components exhibit dissimilarities in the morning and afternoon sectors. These results suggest that compressional mode magnetic field oscillations are not observable on the ground in this time sector. The pulsations in both time sectors are instead seen as caused by transverse mode magnetospheric field oscillations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 1
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  • 4
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    Pi 3 magnetic pulsations associated with substorms (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 29; May 1981
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  • 5
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    A statistical study on characteristics of high latitude Pi 3 pulsations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The latitude and magnetic local time distributions of Pi 3 pulsations relative to polarization and the position of maximum intensity are presented using data from the high-latitude North American International Magnetospheric Study magnetometer network. These distributions are compared with those of Pc 5 and Pi 2 pulsations. The locus of Pi 3 maximum amplitude and the corresponding curve for Pc 5 are similar in general shape, but the former is located at considerably lower geomagnetic latitudes than the latter. For Pi 2 pulsations, the latitude of maximum amplitude is found to agree well with the auroral oval, whereas the locus of Pi 3 amplitude maximum deviates from the auroral oval appreciably in the dawn and dusk regions and is near the poleward border of the auroral oval in the premidnight region where the equatorward boundary of the oval is lowest in latitude. It is concluded that dayside Pi 3 pulsations may have a different generation mechanism from that for nightside Pi 3 events.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 1
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  • 6
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    A motion picture presentation of magnetic pulsations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using the data obtained from the IMS North American magnetometer network stations at high latitudes, a motion picture was made by a computer technique, describing time changes of Pc5 and Pi3 magnetic pulsation vectors. Examples of pulsation characteristics derived from this presentation are regional polarization changes including shifts of polarization demarcation lines, changes in the extent of an active region and its movement with time.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity; 33; 5, 19; 1981
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  • 7
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    A case-study of the evolution of polar-cap currents and auroral electrojets during polar geomagnetic disturbances with IMS magnetometer data (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The development of the polar cap current and the relationship of that development to the evolution of auroral electrojets during individual polar geomagnetic disturbances is studied using 1 min average data from US-Canada IMS network stations and standard magnetograms from sites on the polar cap and in the auroral zone. It is found that even when the auroral electrojet activity is weak, polar cap currents producing fields of magnitude approximately 100-200 nT almost always exist. A normal convection current system exists quasi-persistently in the polar cap during extended quiet or weakly disturbed periods of auroral electrojet activity. After one such period, some drastic changes occur in the polar cap currents, which are followed by phases of growth, expansion, and recovery. Polar cap currents cannot all be completely ascribed to a single source mechanism.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Journal (ISSN 0016-8009); 77; 729-752
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  • 8
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    A cross spectral analysis of high-latitude Pc 5 pulsations in the morning sector (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An analysis of the spatial phase and amplitude structures of the ground Pc 5 pulsations in the morning sector was carried out using data from the North American IMS magnetometer network. Signals in the X, Y, and Z components were found to propagate from noon to the nightside with an apparent phase velocity of 13 km/sec. The phase was determined to vary with latitude, with total latitudinal phase differences of 200 and 90 deg, respectively, for the X and Y components. Corresponding latitudinal phase differences in the vertical components were 550 deg for the Alaska chain, and 360 deg for the Fort Churchill chain. Phase variation in the Fort Churchill chain was attributed to the ionospheric Hall current related to the field line resonance and the earth induction current. The earth induction current in the shallower regions near Fort Yukon is a necessary factor to explain the large variation in the Alaska chain.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Nov. 1
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  • 9
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    Existence of a component corotating with the earth in high-latitude disturbance magnetic fields (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study of the data from the high-latitude North American IMS network of magnetic stations suggests that there is a component in substorm perturbations that corotates with the earth. It is as yet not certain whether the existence of this component stems from the corotation of a part of the magnetospheric plasma involved in the substorm mechanism or if it is a 'phase change' resulting from the control of the substorm manifestations by the earth's main magnetic field which is not axially symmetric. There are other geophysical phenomena showing a persistence of longitudinal variations corotating with the earth. These phenomena are of significance for a better understanding of ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity; 34; 2, 19; 1982
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  • 10
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    Physical chemistry of the H2SO4/HNO3/H2O system - Implications for polar stratospheric clouds (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a key role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Surface-catalyzed reactions on PSC particles generate chlorine compounds that photolyze readily to yield chlorine radicals, which in turn destroy ozone very efficiently. The most prevalent PSCs form at temperatures several degrees above the ice frost point and are believed to consist of HNO3 hydrates; however, their formation mechanism is unclear. Results of laboratory experiments are presented which indicate that the background stratospheric H2SO4/H2O aerosols provide an essential link in this mechanism: These liquid aerosols absorb significant amounts of HNO3 vapor, leading most likely to the crystallization of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). The frozen particles then grow to form PSCs by condensation of additional amounts of HNO3 and H2O vapor. Furthermore, reaction probability measurements reveal that the chlorine radical precursors are formed readily at polar stratospheric temperatures not just on NAT and ice crystals, but also on liquid H2SO4 solutions and on solid H2SO4 hydrates. These results imply that the chlorine activation efficiency of the aerosol particles increases rapidly as the temperature approaches the ice frost point regardless of the phase or composition of the particles.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 261; 5127; p. 1418-1423.
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