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  • 1
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    The SAR arc event observed during the December 1971 magnetic storm (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations from five separate experiments on the Isis 2 spacecraft are used to study the atmosphere/ionosphere during the magnetic storm of December 16-20, 1971. The data are most complete in the midlatitude region, permitting a study of the SAR arc (subauroral red arc) which developed during the night of December 17-18. Ion composition and temperature, electron temperature, electron-density height profiles from the spacecraft to the F region, and the intensity of the 6300-A oxygen emission are all presented for the region of interest. It is found that the H(+) concentration had sharp gradients near the SAR arc and that the plasma temperature was significantly enhanced over typical nighttime values, reaching nearly 7000 K at 1400 km on the field line which intersected the arc. A system of time-dependent equations for atmospheric/ionospheric composition and temperature is solved using boundary conditions which were selected so that the solutions are in agreement with the observations. From these solutions, an assessment is made of the influence of (1) the efflux of plasma from the ionosphere to the magnetosphere, (2) the decrease in O/N2 at the turbopause, (3) the increase in the loss coefficient as a result of an increase in the vibrational temperature of N2, and (4) the conduction of thermal energy into the ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Dec. 1
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  • 2
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    The photochemistry of N/+/ ions (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The photochemistry of N(+) ions in the daytime thermosphere is studied using the data base of the Atmosphere Explorer C Satellite. The reaction O(+) + N(2D) yields O + N(+) is considered a major source of N(+) ions at altitudes between 250 and 500 km. At altitudes below 300 km, N(+) is removed by reactions with O2, but at higher altitudes the reactions of N(+) with O and with H are the most important loss mechanisms. The empirical rate coefficients for reactions N(+) + O yields N and O(+) and N(+) + H yields N + H(+) are derived.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 6; July 197
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  • 3
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    An unusual SAR arc observed during ring current development, 4 August 1972 (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An unusual SAR arc observed during the growth phase of the ring current is described. Proton precipitation was observed, with electron temperature enhancements throughout the region, and an F-region trough present at the equatorward boundary; a high flux of low energy at the SAR arc location and a 'slot' in the ambient electron density are characteristic of this event. Comparisons are made with S3-A spacecraft observations made in the equatorial region at the same time and with Isis-II observations of a more normal SAR arc; the kinetic Alfven process described by Hasegawa and Mima (1978) appears to account for the acceleration of these low energy electrons, although an auroral-type acceleration process cannot be excluded.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 28; Jan. 198
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  • 4
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    Plasmapause signatures in the ionosphere and magnetosphere (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Isis 2 observations of a variety of topside ionospheric 'signatures' of the plasmapause are compared with simultaneously acquired equatorial electron-density profiles obtained by the whistler technique. The satellite data were acquired at about 1400-km altitude at dusk and dawn in the sunlit Northern Hemisphere summer ionosphere within about 15 deg longitude of the VLF receiver. Results suggest that the dynamics of plasma coupling between the ionosphere and plasmasphere dominate the topside data and obscure the location of the equatorial plasmapause field line. The total density and light-ion troughs begin 2 to 10 deg equatorward of the field line through the equatorial plasmapause and are not clear plasmapause signatures. The invariant latitude of the region of steep spatial gradient in thermal plasma density, the plasmapause, appears to increase with altitude. Thus measurements of its position at different altitudes may give different results. Plasma-sheet electrons, however, are observed on field lines just outside the equatorial plasmapause at both dawn and dusk. Their low-latitude extent at 1400-km altitude can be used as a signature of the equatorial plasmapause position.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Mar. 1
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  • 5
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    The topside magnetospheric cleft ionosphere observed from the Isis 2 spacecraft (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-A049004 , AFGL-TR-77-0297 , Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Dec. 1
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  • 6
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    Evidence for a geomagnetic wake at 500 earth radii (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Geomagnetic wake in solar wind at 500 earth radii, correlating Explorer 35 and Pioneer 8 data
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; TROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
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  • 7
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    Siderophile elements and the earth's formation (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two comments on a work by Murthy (1991) concerning the abundances of siderophile elements in the earth's mantle are presented. In the first comment it is asserted that the basis of Murthy's extrapolation is the assumption that the Gibbs free energy change for the partitioning reaction is independent of temperature, and as this is generally not a valid assumption thermodynamically, and as this is contradicted by most experimental data, the issue of mantle siderophile elements remains unresolved. In the second comment it is asserted that the extrapolation method used by Murthy does not appear to be valid thermodynamically, and that an extrapolation based on generally accepted thermodynamic assumptions yields different results. In a reply, Murthy takes issue with the comments.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 257; 5074,; 1281-128
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  • 8
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    Lunar atmospheric composition experiment (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: On the Apollo 17 mission, a miniature mass spectrometer, called the lunar atmospheric composition experiment (LACE), was carried to the moon as part of the Apollo lunar surface experiments package (ALSEP) to study the composition of and variation in the lunar atmosphere. The instrument was successfully deployed in the Taurus-Littrow valley with its entrance aperture oriented upward to intercept and measure the downward flux of gases at the lunar surface. Initial activation of the LACE instrument occurred on December 27, 1972, approximately 50 hr after sunset, and operation continued throughout the first lunar night. Sunrise brought a high background gas level and necessitated discontinuing operation during lunar daytime except for a brief check near noon. Near sunset, operation was resumed and continued throughout the night. This sequence was repeated for the second and third lunations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Apollo 17 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 9 p
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  • 9
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    Shear-wave detection (1965)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Angular accelerometers and transducers compared in detection of seismic waves and shear waves
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 10
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    Mathematical modelling of undrained clay behavior (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-09
    Description: The proposed general analytical model describes the anisotropic, elastoplastic, path-dependent, stress-strain properties of inviscid saturated clays under undrained conditions. Model parameters are determined by using results from strain-controlled simple shear tests on a saturated clay. The model's accuracy is evaluated by applying it to predict the results of other tests on the same clay, including monotonic and cyclic loading. The model explains the very anisotropic shear strength behavior observed for weak marine clays.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 1; p 95-102
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