ALBERT

Description: Studies are performed on both the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II (1985-1989) and Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer (SBUV)-Version 6 (1979-1986) global ozone vertical structure satellite data sets to determine the long-term trends in ozone as a function of altitude (pressure) and latitude. SAGE II data are only available during the period of increasing solar activity and show increases in ozone with time in the upper stratosphere which are attributed largely to rising solar activity. Looking at this data set independently, the solar effects and trends are highly coupled and cannot be clearly separated. However, a study of combined SBUV and SAGE II data over the 11-year solar cycle shows a clear response of ozone to 11-year solar variations and allows a decoupling of solar effects, quasibiennial oscillations (QBO), and trends. The detailed pattern of long-term ozone trends become clear using this approach. In the upper stratosphere, ozone depletion increases sharply with latitude. Global trends are fairly symmetric about the equator but are somewhat stronger in the Southern Hemisphere. Near the equator, some layers of ozone are decreasing with time while others appear to be increasing. Near 30 mb, there is evidence of intrusion to mid latitudes of high latitude negative trends. Near 15 mb, trends appear to be very weak. Near the tropopause there appears to be strong ozone depletion on a global scale. Two regions of unexpectedly strong ozone response to 11-year solar variations were detected: the first near 2 mb and the second near 30 mb at low latitudes and near 15 mb at mid latitudes.

Description: The total column ozone response to 11-year solar ultraviolet (UV) variations is estimated here from the observed response to 27-day solar variations adjusted for the theoretical difference between the 27-day response and 11-year response. The estimate is tested by comparing two data sets where long-term drifts have been removed, the Nimbus 7 TOMS Version 6 total column ozone and the 280 nm core-to-wing ratio (a proxy for solar UV variations). The 365-day running means of data area-weighted between 40 deg N to 40 deg S latitude give a 1.9% ozone variation related to the 11-year solar cycle compared with the estimate of 1.8%. Estimates of linear trends were reduced by a factor of 2 by including solar effects. The standard deviation from the empirical model was reduced from 1.0 to 0.6 Dobson Units, by including the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), but the QBO did not significantly alter trend estimates. Both the ozone responses to 27-day and 11-year solar variations were considerably stronger than predicted by a 2-D theoretical model.

Description: Calculations of the Northward eddy fluxes of stratospheric ozone in a three-dimensional chemical-dynamical model are discussed. It is shown that, although approximately 50 percent of the zonal mean flux is produced by stationary planetary wavenumbers 1 and 2, the wintertime flux due to the chemical eddies is substantially underestimated when a quasi-linear representation is used.