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  • 1
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    An improved rocket ozonesonde (ROCOZ-A). II - Preparation of stratospheric ozone profiles (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The ROCOZ-A radiometer measures ozone by long pathlength photometry in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. After a rocket launch to an apogee of 70 km, the instrument measures the solar ultraviolet irradiance over its four filter wavelengths as it descends on a parachute. The fundamental values from ROCOZ-A are ozone overburdens versus radar altitude from 53 to 20 km. The slope of these values gives ozone number density. At one standard deviation the repeatability of the ozone overburden measurements averages 2.4 percent. For ozone number density the repeatability averages 3.2 percent with a significant increase at altitudes below the ozone number density maximum. The accuracy limits for overburden and number density are estimated at 5-7 percent. With auxiliary measurements of pressure and temperature, ozone results are also produced in terms of ozone mixing ratio, albeit with a slight broadening of the estimated accuracy limits. The vertical response of ROCOZ-A ozone measurements (full width at half maximum) is 4 km. The assembly of ROCOZ-A profiles can be used to compare with measurements from each of the current NASA and NOAA satellite ozone instruments. In addition, the repeatability of ROCOZ-A allows the use of this instrument as a transfer standard between satellite instruments with different fundamental ozone measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 14521-14
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Results from the Balloon Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (BOIC) (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In the Balloon Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (BOIC), several in situ UV absorption photometers, two solar UV absorption photometers, electrochemical sondes, and a mass spectrometer were intercompared in three flight missions. Concurrent data from Umkehr and satellite observations are also intercompared. The National Bureau of Standards provided a 'standard' ozone source for intercomparing the in situ instruments and ground pressure. Preliminary findings indicate that the standard deviation of the sensitivities among 17 instruments against the NBS reference was about 11 percent. These differences appear in flight at the lower levels and change at higher altitudes, indicating height-dependent errors. The difference among five in-situ UV photometers flown together ranged by plus or minus 8 percent during ascent to about 41 km. During float at 42 km, the difference nearly doubled. During descent, the difference decreased to about 4 percent, which is much closer to the expected accuracy of these instruments. Results from UV solar radiometers have been systematically higher than those from UV photometers by 15 to 20 percent - a very important disagreement that needs to be resolved.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Equatorial ozone profiles from the ground to 52 km during the Southern Hemisphere autumn (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of an ozone measurement campaign conducted at Natal, Brazil from March 25 to April 15, 1985 are reported. Complete profiles of ozone, pressure, and temperature were obtained from the ground to 52 km, and all of the profiles correspond with site overpasses by ozone instruments on NASA and NOAA satellites. The profiles from this measurement series show reasonable agreement with established satellite climatologies. Stratospheric ozone variability was 2 percent or less during the 3 weeks of the measurement campaign, with stratospheric temperature and pressure variabilities half that amount. Low variability at a single location for this period implies comparable uniformity for ozone profiles over a large area around the measurement site. The auxiliary pressure and temperature profiles presented here allow the use of this data set as a transfer standard between satellite instruments with different fundamental ozone measurements. Finally, the low ozone variability in the stratosphere at Natal during this measurement series should provide an opportunity for high-quality intercomparisons of measured and modeled ozone concentrations in the equatorial stratosphere and lower mesosphere as well as a consistency check among satellite ozone measurements.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 5573-558
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  • 4
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    Primordial oil slick (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Methane atmosphere polymerization by solar UV to form primordial oil slick, discussing importance to life development
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; 104-111. (
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  • 5
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    Simple relationship between the UV radiation backscattered by the earth's atmosphere and the vertical ozone profile (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 16; Oct. 197
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  • 6
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    An improved rocket ozonesonde (Rocoz-A). III - Northern mid-latitude ozone measurements from 1983 to 1985 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of the ozone measurements taken during rocket-busted flights of the rocket ozonesonde Rocoz-A at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility from August 1983 to September 1985 are presented. Nineteen profiles were obtained using Rocoz-A and electrochemical concentration cell ozonesondes, standard U.S. meteorological radiosondes, and Super-Loki datasondes. The results were found to agree with the Krueger and Minzner (1976) midlatitude ozone model for the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 2239-225
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  • 7
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    Spectral reflectance of selected aqueous solutions for water quality applications (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The relative specular reflectances of individual aqueous solutions having a particular chemical salt content were measured in the 2 to 20 micrometers region of the infrared component or radiant flux. Distilled water was the reflectance standard. The angle of incidence was 70.03 deg plus or minus 0.23 deg. Absolute reflectances of the solutions for the same polarization and angle of incidence were computed by use of the measured relative reflectances, one of the Fresnel equations, and the optical constants of distilled water. Phase shift and phase difference spectra were obtained by respectively applying a Kramers-Kronig dispersion analysis to the absolute and relative reflectance spectra. The optical constants of the solutions were determined by algorithms commonly associated with the Kramers-Kronig analysis. Spectral signatures that qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the solute and that show structure of the infrared bands of water were noted in the phase difference spectra. The relative and absolute reflectances, the phase shift and phase difference spectra and the optical constants are presented in graphical form. Application of these results to remote sensing of the chemical quality of natural waters is discussed briefly.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 3; 17 p
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  • 8
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    Skylab 3: Photographic index and scene identification (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A quick reference guide to the photographic imagery obtained on Skylab 3 is presented. Place names and descriptors are used for frame identification.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-69780 , JL12-602
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Ozone measurement systems improvements studies (1974)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results are summarized of an initial study of techniques for measuring atmospheric ozone, carried out as the first phase of a program to improve ozone measurement techniques. The study concentrated on two measurement systems, the electro chemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde and the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer, and consisted of two tasks. The first task consisted of error modeling and system error analysis of the two measurement systems. Under the second task a Monte-Carlo model of the Dobson ozone measurement technique was developed and programmed for computer operation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7758
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Error analysis of Dobson spectrophotometer measurements of the total ozone content (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A study of techniques for measuring atmospheric ozone is reported. This study represents the second phase of a program designed to improve techniques for the measurement of atmospheric ozone. This phase of the program studied the sensitivity of Dobson direct sun measurements and the ozone amounts inferred from those measurements to variation in the atmospheric temperature profile. The study used the plane - parallel Monte-Carlo model developed and tested under the initial phase of this program, and a series of standard model atmospheres.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TN-D-7877
    Format: application/pdf
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