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  • 1
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    The ice-core record - Climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The prediction of future greenhouse-gas-warming depends critically on the sensitivity of earth's climate to increasing atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Data from cores drilled in polar ice sheets show a remarkable correlation between past glacial-interglacial temperature changes and the inferred atmospheric concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These and other palaeoclimate data are used to assess the role of greenhouse gases in explaining past global climate change, and the validity of models predicting the effect of increasing concentrations of such gases in the atmosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 347; 139-145
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Light scattering in planetary atmospheres (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: This paper reviews scattering theory required for analysis of light reflected by planetary atmospheres. Section 1 defines the radiative quantities which are observed. Section 2 demonstrates the dependence of single-scattered radiation on the physical properties of the scatterers. Section 3 describes several methods to compute the effects of multiple scattering on the reflected light.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 16; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Greenhouse effect of trace gases, 1970-1980 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Increased abundances were measured for several trace atmospheric gases in the decade 1970-1980. The equilibrium greenhouse warming for the measured increments of CH4, chlorofluorocarbons and N2O is between 50% and 100% of the equilibrium warming for the measured increase of atmospheric CO2 during the same 10 years. The combined warming of CO2 and trace gases should exceed natural global temperature variability in the 1980's and cause the global mean temperature to rise above the maximum of the late 1930's.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Oct. 198
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  • 4
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    A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The carbon monoxide cycle is studied by incorporating the known and hypothetical sources and sinks in a tracer model that uses the winds generated by a general circulation model. Photochemical production and loss terms, which depend on OH radical concentrations, are calculated in an interactive fashion. The computed global distribution and seasonal variations of CO are compared with observations to obtain constraints on the distribution and magnitude of the sources and sinks of CO, and on the tropospheric abundance of OH. The simplest model that accounts for available observations requires a low latitude plant source of about 1.3 x 10 to the 15th g/yr, in addition to sources from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and oxidation of methane. The globally averaged OH concentration calculated in the model is 750,000/cu cm. Models that calculate globally averaged OH concentrations much lower than this nominal value are not consistent with the observed variability of CO. Such models are also inconsistent with measurements of CO isotopic abundances, which imply the existence of plant sources.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 5
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    Climate-chemical interactions and effects of changing atmospheric trace gases (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper considers trace gas-climate effects including the greenhouse effect of polyatomic trace gases, the nature of the radiative-chemical interactions, and radiative-dynamical interactions in the stratosphere, and the role of these effects in governing stratospheric climate change. Special consideration is given to recent developments in the investigations of the role of oceans in governing the transient climate responses, and a time-dependent estimate of the potential trace gas warming from the preindustrial era to the early 21st century. The importance of interacting modeling and observational efforts is emphasized. One of the problems remaining on the observational front is the lack of certainty in current estimates of the rate of growth of CO, O3, and NOx; the primary challenge is the design of a strategy that will minimize the sampling errors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics (ISSN 8755-1209); 25; 1441-148
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  • 6
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    Three dimensional global modeling of atmospheric CO2 (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A model was developed to study the prospects of extracting information on carbon dioxide sources and sinks from observed CO2 variations. The approach uses a three dimensional global transport model, based on winds from a 3-D general circulation model (GCM), to advect CO2 noninteractively, i.e., as a tracer, with specified sources and sinks of CO2 at the surface. The 3-D model employed is identified and biosphere, ocean and fossil fuel sources and sinks are discussed. Some preliminary model results are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-85444 , NAS 1.15:85444 , DE84-005696 , DOE/ER-60082/T1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Near-infrared light scattering by terrestrial clouds (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Terrestrial clouds near IR light scattering compared to reflectivity of water and ice particles, discussing Mie and multiple scattering
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; STITUTION OF ENGINEE
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  • 8
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    A search for short-term meteorological effects of solar variability in an atmospheric circulation model (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A set of numerical experiments is carried out to test the short-range sensitivity of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies global atmospheric general-circulation model to changes in solar constant and ozone amount. These experiments consist of forecasts initiated with actual atmospheric data. One set of forecasts is made with a standard version of the model; another set uses the model modified by very different values of the solar constant (two-thirds and three-halves of the standard value) and of the ozone amount (zero and twice the standard amount). Twelve-day integrations with these very large variations show such small effects that the effects of realistic variations would almost certainly be insignificant meteorologically on this time scale.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Mar. 20
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  • 9
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    Theoretical spectral scattering of ice clouds in the near-infrared (1968)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Near infrared spectral reflectance and scattering in ice clouds
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-61036
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Theoretical spectral scattering of ice clouds in the near infrared. (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Ice clouds near IR spectral reflectivity dependence on particle size, noting application to planetary atmospheres
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; STITUTION OF ENGINEE
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