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  • 1
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    The origin of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: An elastic plate model is used to describe the origin of intermediate and deep earthquakes. It is shown that the earth is covered by about eight tectonic plates that have relative motions; along plate boundary lines, one plate thrusting under the other, causes deflection and buckling of the elastic plate structure in regions of maximum curvature that may trigger earthquakes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 220-223
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  • 2
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    The earth's equatorial principal axes and moments of inertia (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The earth's equatorial principal moments of inertia are given as A and B, where A is less than B, and the corresponding principal axes are given as a and b. Explicit formulas are derived for determining the orientation of a and b axes and the difference B - A using C(22) and S(22), the two gravitational harmonic coefficients of degree 2 and order 2. For the earth, the a axis lies along the (14.93 deg W, 165.07 deg E) diameter, and the b axis lies perpendicular to it along the (75.07 deg E, 104.93 deg W) diameter. The difference B - A is 7.260 x 10 to the -6th MR2. These quantities for other planets are contrasted, and geophysical implications are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Journal International (ISSN 0955-419X); 106; 699-702
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  • 3
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    Deformation and instability of underthrusting lithospheric plates (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Libration in the earth's rotation (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: External luni-solar torque exerted on the difference (B-A) of the earth's two equatorial principal moments of inertia gives rise to two types of librational motions in the earth's rotation: the semidiurnal libration in spin and the prograde diurnal libration in polar motion. Formulas for the librations considering a realistic earth model and their tidal decompositions are derived and evaluated. The spin libration has a maximum peal-to-peak amplitude of 0.90 milliarcseconds, that of the polar libration is 0.06 milliarcseconds. Implications concerning their detectability and role in the tidal variation of earth rotation are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 18; 2007-201
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  • 5
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    On the breakup of tectonic plates by polar wandering (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The equations for the stresses in a homogeneous shell of uniform thickness caused by a shift of the axis of rotation are derived. The magnitude of these stresses reaches a maximum value of the order of 10 to the 9th power dyn/sq cm, which is sufficient for explaining a tectonic breakup. In order to deduce the fracture pattern according to which the breakup of tectonic plates can be expected the theory of plastic deformation of shells is applied. The analysis of this pattern gives an explanation of the existing boundary systems of the major tectonic plates as described by Morgan (1968), LePichon (1968) and Isacks et al. (1968).
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; June 10
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  • 6
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    Convection pattern and stress system under the African plate (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Studies on tectonic forces from satellite-derived gravity data have revealed a subcrustal stress system which provides a unifying mechanism for uplift, depression, rifting, plate motion and ore formation in Africa. The subcrustal stresses are due to mantle convection. Seismicity, volcanicity and kimberlite magmatism in Africa and the development of the African tectonic and magnetic features are explained in terms of this single stress system. The tensional stress fields in the crust exerted by the upwelling mantle flows are shown to be regions of structural kinship characterized by major concentration of mineral deposits. It is probable that the space techniques are capable of detecting and determining the tectonic forces in the crust of Africa.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 15; 1, Se; Sept
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  • 7
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    Mantle convection pattern and subcrustal stress field under Asia (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Satellite tracking and surface gravity data are used to model the subcrustal stress fields in the terrestrial mantle beneath Asia; the results permit interpretation of the tectonic and seismic systems in China. The east and west China blocks, together with five seismic zones, are identified and related to metallogenic domains on the Chinese mainland. In addition, it is shown that the subcrustal stresses beneath China are arranged perpendicularly to the major fault systems and seismic belts. Stress calculations indicate a notable zone of compression in north China, associated with the Shansi Graben, the Linfen Basin Systems and, possibly, the high seismicity of the region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 16; 3, Ap; Apr. 197
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  • 8
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    Geodynamics of Cenozoic deformation in central Asia (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper presents a study of the tectonic stresses in central Asia based on an interpretation of satellite gravity data for mantle convection and supplemented with published fault plane solutions of earthquakes. Northwest-southeast to north-south compressional stresses exist in the Tien Shan region where reverse faulting dominates. The maximum compressive stress is oriented approximately northeast-southwest in the regions of Altai and southern Mongolia. Farther north, compressive stress gives way to tensional stress which causes normal faulting in the Baikal rift system. It is also shown that all of the tectonic stresses in the Tibetan plateau and Himalayan frontal thrust are related to the convection-generated stress patterns inferred from satellite gravity data. These results suggest that the complex crustal deformation in central Asia can be convincingly described by the deformation of the lithosphere on top of the up- and down-welling asthenospheric material beneath it. This observational fact may not only upset the simple view of the fluid crustal model of the Tibetan plateau, but also provide some useful constraints for the future development of deformation theory of continental crust.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 25; Apr. 9
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  • 9
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    Mantle convection pattern and subcrustal stress field under South America (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The tectonic, igneous and metallogenic features of South America are discussed in terms of the crustal deformation associated with stresses due to mantle convection as inferred from the high degree harmonics in the geopotential field. The application of Runcorn's model for the laminar viscous flows in the upper mantle to satellite and gravity data results in a convection pattern which reveals the ascending flows between the descending Nazca plate and the overlying South American plate as well as segments of the descending Nazca plate beneath South America. The arc volcanism in South America is shown apparently to be related to the upwelling of high-temperature material induced by the subduction of the Nazca plate, with the South American basin systems associated with downwelling mantle flows. The resulting tensional stress fields are shown to be regions of structural kinship characterized by major concentrations of ore deposits and related to the cordillera, shield and igneous systems and the upward Andean movements. It is suggested that the upwelling convection flows in the upper mantle, coupled with crustal tension, have provided an uplift mechanism which has forced the hydrothermal systems in the basement rocks to the surface.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Modern Geology; 7; 3, 19; 1980
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  • 10
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    Geodynamical basis for crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Plate tectonics and satellite-derived gravity data are used to examine crustal deformation under the Tibetan Plateau. A spherical harmonic analysis is given for the global plate boundary system, and the crustal stresses in Tibet are calculated from satellite gravity data. A superimposed stress system is constructed. The stress patterns reveal that the cold downwelling mantle convection flow beneath southern Tibet pulls the Indian plate down but applies a bending moment on the end of the plate to uplift and support the mass of the Himalayas.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (ISSN 0031-9201); 40; 43-60
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