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  • 1
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    Effects of the atmosphere on ERTS observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-26
    Description: Atmospheric radiation models and methods of computing radiation effects are reported that are important both in the meteorological and Earth Resources Satellite programs. Results of using them to compute the atmospheric effects on just the ERTS observations are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Significant Accomplishments in Sci.; p 193-195
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  • 2
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    Radiation in the atmosphere (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Questions of radiative transfer in realistic atmospheres are considered along with aspects related to radiative energy budgets and the solar constants, the radiative properties of atmosphere and surfaces, radiation instruments and measurements, and radiative interactions in dynamical systems. A number of special topics are discussed, taking into account remote sensing, air pollution, and the effect of turbulence on the propagation of light through the atmosphere. It is pointed out that numerous recent studies have been conducted of the properties and effects of atmospheric aerosols.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; July 197
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  • 3
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    Effects of the atmosphere on remote sensing (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the earth's atmosphere is considered, taking into account windows in the electromagnetic spectrum, solar and terrestrial radiation, physical properties of the atmosphere, and clouds. The characteristics of upwelling radiation in the visible wavelengths are discussed along with infrared radiation and microwaves. Attention is given to radiant emittance, radiance, contrast, effects of atmospheric turbulence, ocean color, and questions concerning the classification of surface features with the aid of computers.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Characterization of tropospheric desert aerosols at solar wavelengths by multispectral radiometry from Landsat (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Characteristics of tropospheric desert aerosols are derived by comparing nadir spectral reflectivities computed from the radiative transfer models with reflectivities measured from Landsat. Over the ocean, reflectivities are compared, but over land the comparison is carried out by determining the ratios of the nadir reflectivity of the surface-atmosphere system over heavy aerosol concentration to the reflectivity of the underlying surface. This remote sensing technique is found to be a sensitive approach for measuring n sub 2, the imaginary part of the refractive index. The desert aerosols under study, in the Iran and Pakistan area, are essentially pure scatterers, inasmuch as an n sub 2 value of 0.001 + or - 0.001 was determined for each of the four Landsat spectral bands, that is, for a spectral interval from 0.5 to 1.1 microns.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Feb. 20
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  • 5
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    Reflectivity of the atmosphere-inhomogeneous surfaces system Laboratory simulation (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Theoretical two- and three-dimensional solutions of the radiative transfer equation have been applied to the earth-atmosphere system. Such solutions have not been verified experimentally. A laboratory experiment simulates such a system to test the theory. The atmosphere was simulated by latex spheres suspended in water and the ground by a nonuniform surface, half white and half black. A stable radiation source provided uniform illumination over the hydrosol. The upward radiance along a line orthogonal to the boundary of the two-halves field was recorded for different amounts of the hydrosol. The simulation is a well-defined radiative transfer experiment to test radiative transfer models involving nonuniform surfaces. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and theoretical results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 41; 2595-260
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  • 6
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    Experimental analysis of the relationship between optical thickness and sky radiance (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data are reported from simultaneous measurements of sky radiance and aerosol optical thickness using a transmissometer tuned to seven bands between 441-872 nm. The measurements were made near Washington, DC in February and November 1985 in generally cloud-free conditions. The data indicated that satellite radiance measurements in one band would be highly correlated with AEC values in other bands, suggesting that transmission and reflection of sunlight in nonabsorbing gaseous bands is highly correlated with path radiance.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 7
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    Computed atmospheric effects on ERTS observations (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The nadir radiances of many models of the earth atmosphere system were computed for a fixed solar zenith angle. These data indicate that the standard deviations of the multispectral scanner responses to changes in water vapor and aerosols would be small on a continental-wide basis.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Symp. on Significant Results obtained from the ERTS-1, Vol. 1, Sect. A and B; p 1567-1573
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  • 8
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    Effect of ground reflection on polarization of radiation scattered from top of a Rayleigh atmosphere. (1966)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-30
    Description: Ground reflection effect on polarization of radiation scattered from top of Rayleigh atmosphere, using Fresnel and Lambert models
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 66-514
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Effect of specular ground reflection on radiation leaving the top of a planetary atmosphere. (1965)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-24
    Description: Outward flux and intensity of scattered radiation for top of Rayleigh atmosphere lying above smooth water surface that reflects radiation according to Fresnel law
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 65-664
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Radiative effects of the El Chichon volcanic eruption. Preliminary results concerning remote sensing (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The aerosols and gases resulting from the El Chichon volcanic eruption had, and may still have, significant effects on satellite measurements of the properties of the Earth's atmosphere. The sea surface temperature measured by the AVHRR was biased up to -2.5 C for many months. The total amount of ozone derived from TOMS with a standard algorithm was greatly in excess of the possible value. This apparent excess can now be explained in terms of additional absorption by SO2. Infrared temperature sounders have observed both positive and negative anomalies. These effects and others on many satellite measurements are addressed following a discussion of the history and composition of the ejecta remaining in the stratosphere. Finally, recommendations are made for further study to account for the effects of volcanic eruptions on satellite observations and for use of such observations to measure the characteristics of the ejecta.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-84959 , NAS 1.15:84959
    Format: application/pdf
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