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  • 1
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    Full non-linear treatment of the global thermospheric wind system. I - Mathematical method and analysis of forces. II - Results and comparison with observations (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The equations of horizontal motion of the neutral atmosphere between 120 and 500 km are integrated with the inclusion of all nonlinear terms of the convective derivative and the viscous forces due to vertical and horizontal velocity gradients. Empirical models of the distribution of neutral and charged particles are assumed to be known. The model of velocities developed is a steady state model. In Part I the mathematical method used in the integration of the Navier-Stokes equations is described and the various forces are analyzed. Results of the method given in Part I are presented with comparison with previous calculations and observations of upper atmospheric winds. Conclusions are that nonlinear effects are only significant in the equatorial region, especially at solstice conditions and that nonlinear effects do not produce any superrotation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 37; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    A representation of Jacchia's thermospheric models in spherical harmonic functions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Jacchia models are represented in terms of spherical harmonic functions. This representation has the advantage of ease of comparison with other global theoretical and empirical models that use this mathematical form. Furthermore, it is analytic, continuous, and has continuous derivatives all over the globe. The representation of the exospheric temperatures shows clearly the amplitudes of the various periodic terms and uses relatively few constants. An example of a similar representation for the total mass density at a particular height and level of solar activity is given as well.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 22; June 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    The physics of the neutral upper atmosphere. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Particular attention is given to models of the upper atmosphere that deal with the diurnal variation and the latitudinal density dependence. The upper atmosphere is considered as essentially an ideal gas, or rather a weakly ionized plasma, where physical and chemical processes of considerable complexity take place. The final goal for the theoretical models of the upper atmosphere is to derive the time and space dependence of the physical quantities density, composition, temperature, pressure, and state of motion by theoretical considerations from basic physical assumptions. Questions of the dynamics of the upper atmosphere are discussed together with one- and two-dimensional models of the upper atmosphere, three-dimensional models, the geomagnetic effect, and the semiannual density variation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Some new aspects on the superrotation of the thermosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The motion of the thermosphere with a rotational velocity between 10 and 20 per cent in excess of the earth's rotational velocity has been deduced by King-Hele and his co-workers from the change of the inclination of satellite orbits. To date, no completely satisfactory explanation of the observations has been presented. In this paper, it is shown that in the thermosphere there exists a small diurnal mean driving force in the eastward direction. This force has not previously been considered in analyses of superrotation. A critical review of the observations and a theoretical analysis that takes account of both equinox and solstice conditions is presented. In the lower height region, where the great majority of observations were made, it is possible to achieve agreement between observations and a dynamical model. Additional observational data are needed in the isothermal region for a more complete analysis.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 36; June 197
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  • 5
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    On empirical models of the upper atmosphere in the polar regions. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The expression for the exospheric temperature in Jacchia's static diffusion models of the upper atmosphere has a discontinuous gradient at the poles. Therefore it cannot describe the true state of the upper atmosphere in the polar regions. Furthermore, it cannot be used to calculate quantities that depend on the derivative of the exospheric temperature, or the density, like pressure gradients, horizontal forces or horizontal heat fluxes. A modified expression for the exospheric temperature is suggested. This modification yields variables of state of the upper atmosphere that deviate little from Jacchia's values, but it has continuous gradient at the poles and is therefore more suitable for treating dynamical problems like the global wind pattern.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 21; Mar. 197
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Strontium and oxygen isotope study of M-1, M-3 and M-4 drill core samples from the Manson impact structure, Iowa: Comparison with Haitian K-T impact glasses (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Strontium and oxygen isotope analyses were performed on 8 samples from the M-1, M-3, and M-4 cores recently drilled at the Manson impact structure. The samples were three elastic sedimentary rocks (of probable Cretaceous age) which occurred as clasts within the sedimentary clast breccia, two samples of crystalline rock breccia matrix, and three samples of dolomite and limestone. The Sr-87/Sr-86 (corrected to 65 Ma) ratios were much higher than those in impact glasses from the Haitian Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. Isotope mixing calculations demonstrate that neither the silicate or carbonate rocks analyzed from the Manson crater, or mixtures of these rocks are appropriate source materials for the Haitian impact glasses. However, the Sr-87/Sr-86 (65Ma) ratio and delta O-18 value of the Ca-rich Haitian glasses are well reproduced by mixtures of Si-rich Haitian glass with platform carbonate of K-T age.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 1: A-F; p 135-136
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  • 7
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    The response of the upper atmosphere to perturbations from diffusive equilibrium (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is generally assumed that, in the atmosphere above 120 km, the deviations from diffusive equilibrium are small, though a minor constituent may show some deviation. The response of such a constituent to perturbations from diffusive equilibrium was analyzed qualitatively. It is shown that the magnitude of these deviations is mainly determined by the characteristic diffusion time. For a time-dependent perturbation, the ratio of the characteristic time of the perturbation to the characteristics diffusion time is an important parameter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66057 , X-621-72-357
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    A synthetic model of the magnetosphere boundary. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Solar wind geomagnetic field boundary model for perpendicular and parallel orientations of geomagnetic dipole relative to solar wind direction
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    The phase discrepancy between temperature and density in the thermosphere (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The observations of thermospheric densities by satellite drag analysis and the thermospheric temperatures by back scatter radar measurements show a phase difference. The dependence of this phase difference on various factors is briefly reviewed. It is shown that by choosing certain boundary conditions at 120 km the observations of both temperature and densities become consistent. The possible range of boundary conditions is analysed. Furthermore it is shown that the phase discrepancy is largely due to the higher harmonic components of both the temperature and the density variation in the thermosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66119 , X-621-72-442
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  • 10
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    On empirical models of the upper atmosphere in the polar regions (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Modified expression for exospheric temperature in Jacchia static diffusion models of upper atmosphere in polar regions
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-65697 , X-641-71-367
    Format: application/pdf
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