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  • 1
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    The Seasat-A satellite scatterometer - The geophysical evaluation of remotely sensed wind vectors over the ocean (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A description is given of the algorithm used to convert Seasat-A satellite microwave scatterometer measurements of ocean normalized radar cross section to the neutral stability vector wind at 19.5 m height, as well as to compare these winds with high-quality surface observations. The wind vector algorithm used an empirical normalized radar cross section model function to describe the ocean normalized radar cross section's dependence on the 19.5-m neutral stability wind vector. In addition, two model functions were evaluated by means of an independent set of in situ surface wind observations from the Joint Air Sea Interaction experiment (JASIN). Better results were produced by these comparisons than the stipulated Seasat wind speed and direction accuracy specifications of + or - 2 m/sec and + or - 20 deg, respectively, over the 0-16 m/sec range of winds observed during JASIN.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Apr. 30
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry studies (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report documents progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere. Estimates are given for the emissions, summarizing relevant earlier work (CIAP) and reviewing current propulsion research efforts. The chemical evolution and the mixing and vortical motion of the exhaust are analyzed to track the exhaust and its speciation as the emissions are mixed to atmospheric scales. The species tracked include those that could be heterogeneously reactive on the surfaces of the condensed solid water (ice) particles and on exhaust soot particle surfaces. Dispersion and reaction of chemical constituents in the far wake are studied with a Lagrangian air parcel model, in conjunction with a radiation code to calculate the net heating/cooling. Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous chemistry of aqueous sulfuric acid and nitric acid hydrates are also described. Results include the solubility of HCl in sulfuric acid which is a key parameter for modeling stratospheric processing. We also report initial results for condensation of nitric acid trihydrate from gas phase H2O and HNO3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-189688 , NAS 1.26:189688 , ARI-RR-902
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Stratospheric aircraft exhaust plume and wake chemistry (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Progress to date in an ongoing study to analyze and model emissions leaving a proposed High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) from when the exhaust gases leave the engine until they are deposited at atmospheric scales in the stratosphere is documented. A kinetic condensation model was implemented to predict heterogeneous condensation in the plume regime behind an HSCT flying in the lower stratosphere. Simulations were performed to illustrate the parametric dependence of contrail droplet growth on the exhaust condensation nuclei number density and size distribution. Model results indicate that the condensation of water vapor is strongly dependent on the number density of activated CN. Incorporation of estimates for dilution factors into a Lagrangian box model of the far-wake regime with scale-dependent diffusion indicates negligible decrease in ozone and enhancement of water concentrations of 6-13 times background, which decrease rapidly over 1-3 days. Radiative calculations indicate a net differential cooling rate of the plume about 3K/day at the beginning of the wake regime, with a total subsidence ranging between 0.4 and 1 km. Results from the Lagrangian plume model were used to estimate the effect of repeated superposition of aircraft plumes on the concentrations of water and NO(y) along a flight corridor. Results of laboratory studies of heterogeneous chemistry are also described. Kinetics of HCl, N2O5 and ClONO2 uptake on liquid sulfuric acid were measured as a function of composition and temperature. Refined measurements of the thermodynamics of nitric acid hydrates indicate that metastable dihydrate may play a role in the nucleation of more stable trihydrates PSC's.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-191495 , NAS 1.26:191495 , ARI-RR-1006
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  • 4
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    Ocean gravity and geoid determination (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Gravity anomalies have been recovered in the North Atlantic and the Indian Ocean regions. Comparisons of 63 2 deg x 2 deg mean free air gravity anomalies recovered in the North Atlantic area and 24 5 deg x 5 deg mean free air gravity anomalies in the Indian Ocean area with surface gravimetric measurements have shown agreement to + or - 8 mgals for both solutions. Geoids derived from the altimeter solutions are consistent with altimetric sea surface height data to within the precision of the data, about + or - 2 meters.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-78054 , X-921-77-259
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Determination of the geoid from satellite altimeter data (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The characteristics of the geoid surface are quantitatively described. A procedure for calculating the satellite altitude is developed. Error sources are described quantitatively, mathematically modeled, and evaluated in computer simulation. Procedures for maximum likelihood processing of altimeter data for recovery of orbit and geopotential information are presented for several geopotential models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-66016 , X-550-72-268
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Temporal features of high-intensity auroral microbursts. (1968)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Temporal features of high intensity auroral microbursts in low energy channel, noting half width and spacing between muliple microburst indicate inhomogeneity between different local times
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; YAL SOCIETY (
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  • 7
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    An intense auroral zone X-ray event in the 4- 5-sec period range. (1967)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Intense auroral zone X ray pulsation observed following PCA event of September 1966 showing no connection to micropulsation fields
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Observations of the September 2, 1966 PCA event - Midday recovery in absorption (1966)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Balloon and riometer observations of polar cap absorption midday recovery
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-84369
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Observations of effects from magnetospheric cusp movement during a solar proton event (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations of a magnetospheric cusp motion event during a solar proton event are presented. The observations were made by a series of riometers and balloon-borne radiation detectors and conductivity probes near Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland. During the arrival of solar protons on August 19, 1979, the balloon-borne detectors recorded two rises and declines in nuclear gamma ray intensity accompanied by a marked softening in the photon spectrum. The observations are interpreted as a shift in detector position from the dayside of the magnetosphere to the polar cap resulting from an equatorward displacement or expansion of the polar cusp by 5 deg in 15 min with a southward turning of the IMF. Instruments on ISEE 3 confirm this interpretation, showing a southward turning of the IMF and a solar wind speed increase. Results imply a proton cutoff energy in the range 6-10 MeV at Sondre Strombjord prior to the cusp motion, and reflect the early effects of field line erosion.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Sept. 1
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    User's guide: Programs for processing altimeter data over inland seas (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The programs described were developed to process GEODYN-formatted satellite altimeter data, and to apply the processed results to predict geoid undulations and gravity anomalies of inland sea areas. These programs are written in standard FORTRAN 77 and are designed to run on the NSESCC IBM 3081(MVS) computer. Because of the experimental nature of these programs they are tailored to the geographical area analyzed. The attached program listings are customized for processing the altimeter data over the Black Sea. Users interested in the Caspian Sea data are expected to modify each program, although the required modifications are generally minor. Program control parameters are defined in the programs via PARAMETER statements and/or DATA statements. Other auxiliary parameters, such as labels, are hard-wired into the programs. Large data files are read in or written out through different input or output units. The program listings of these programs are accompanied by sample IBM job control language (JCL) images. Familiarity with IBM JCL and the TEMPLATE graphic package is assumed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-100730 , REPT-89B00106 , NAS 1.15:100730
    Format: application/pdf
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