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  • GEOPHYSICS  (28)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (1)
  • 1
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    Evidence of high densities and ion outflows in the polar cap during the recovery phase (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The composition and characteristics of the polar cap plasma for an Oct. 14, 1981 outflow of polar wind ions are examined using data from the DE 1 satellite. The on-board instruments included a plasma wave instrument, a retarding ion mass spectrometer (RIMS) and a high altitude plasma instrument (HAPI). The outflow took place at an altitude of about 19,000 km at a magnetic local time of about midnight. The total plasma density measured was about 50/cu cm, which was an order of magnitude higher than normally recorded at that location and altitude. The background hydrogen plasma was disturbed by highly collimated flows of hydrogen and oxygen ions. The H(+) ions had a mean energy of 0.15 eV and a density of 6-10/cu cm. The O(+) ions had an average density of 20/cu cm and a temperature of 0.26 eV. The total flux of outflowing H(+) and O(+) was about 10 million/sq cm per sec. The HAPI data indicated that the O(+) ions appeared in the dayside ionosphere and the H(+) ions detected by the RIMS originated in the nightside polar cap.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 3321-332
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  • 2
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    Source location determination of Uranian kilometric radiation from ray tracing and emission lobe modelling (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We use an analytical fit to an emission lobe profile together with three-dimensional ray tracing to model the broad-banded smooth Uranian kilometric radiation (UKR). We assume the radiation is gyroemission from sources along magnetic field lines. Using an iterative technique that modifies the lobe function and source region, the results are compared to observations at a frequency of 481 kHz. The best-fit calculations are compared to previously published models and to recent ultraviolet (UV) observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA-CR-190482 , JPL-9950-1369 , NAS 1.26:190482
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  • 3
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    Perpendicular electron heating by absorption of auroral kilometric radiation (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: We investigate the possibility of perpendicular heating of electrons and the generation of '90 deg -electron conics' by particle diffusion in velocity space due to wave-particle interaction with intense auroral kilometric radiation. This interaction is made possible by the downward shift in the R-X cutoff below the electron cyclotron frequency that occurs in the presence of warm plasma. We stimulate this condition and solve the diffusion equation using a finite difference algorithm. The results show strong perpendicular electron heating and indicate that the main characteristics of an electron conic distribution can be reproduced under these conditions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-198815 , NAS 1.26:198815
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  • 4
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    A satellite investigation of energy flux and inferred potential drop in auroral electron energy spectra (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The relationship between auroral electron energy flux and the inferred accelerating potential drop for accelerated Maxwellian distributions is investigated on the basis of Atmospheric Explorer D spectral measurements. An analytical approximation for the total downward energy flux carried by an isotropic Maxwellian electron population accelerated by a field-aligned electrostatic potential drop is derived which is valid for values of the electron energy/characteristic accelerated Maxwellian distribution energy which are less than the difference between the ratio of the magnetic field strengths at the altitude of observation and the altitude of potential drop, and unity. Data from the Low Energy Electron Experiment on board AE D obtained on both the dayside and the nightside during periods of significant inverted-V type electron precipitation shows that the 455 energy spectra considered, 160 of them, obtained between 60 and 85 deg invariant latitude, could be fit to accelerated Maxwellian distributions. The 160 Maxwellian spectra are then shown to be in agreement with the predictions of the accelerated Maxwellian model. Finally, analysis of individual spectra suggests that the altitude of the inferred potential drop is at a maximum near the center of the inverted-V structures.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Oct. 198
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  • 5
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    Ray tracing of Z-mode emissions from source regions in the high-altitude auroral zone (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two-dimensional ray tracing of Z-mode radiation from sources in the auroral zone has been performed. The Z-mode waves are assumed to be excited by the cyclotron maser mechanism at frequencies near the electron gyrofrequency and at wave normal angles near 90 deg. The emission is found to propagate primarily perpendicular to the magnetic field line (horizontal propagation) for all sources considered, and thus not to substantially lower altitudes. The frequency bandwidth estimated from the ray paths is much less than that observed by DE-1. It is suggested that the wave source needs to be in the region of field-aligned current in order for the cyclotron maser mechanism to explain the broad frequency bandwidth of Z-mode emissions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 12; 385-388
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  • 6
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    'Electron conic' signatures observed in the nightside auroral zone and over the polar cap (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The high altitude plasma instrument, i.e., five electrostatic analyzers, on board the DE 1 satellite obtained data on electron conical distributions during two nightside auroral zone passes and one polar cap pass. The southern orbit apogee was 675 km, the northern, 24,000 km. Electrons confined to the outside of the loss cone were the highest energy particles detected. The upward integrated flux was greater than the downward flux, indicating the presence of a heating process perpendicular to the geomagnetic field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 5345-535
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  • 7
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    Enhanced ion outflows measured by the DE 1 high altitude plasma instrument in the dayside plasmasphere during the recovery phase (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Ion flow velocities both parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, and including the effects of spacecraft charging and spacecraft velocity, have been measured during the recovery phase of two large magnetic storms on October 14 and 21 of 1981. These measurements were made both inside and outside the plasmasphere and indicate unreported yet substantial outflows of ions within the dayside plasmasphere (October 14). Combined data from instruments on board the Dynamics Explorer satellite, including the high altitude plasma instrument, the energetic ion composition spectrometer, the retarding ion mass spectrometer, and the plasma wave instrument, indicate that these ions are most likely dominantly O(+) at energies at least as low as 5 eV. The nightside pass (October 21), which occurred during the recovery phase of a similar storm, showed no plasmaspheric outflows. The results indicate that a large contribution to the outflux into the dayside plasmasphere during the recovery period is due to E greater than 5 eV ions.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1647-165
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  • 8
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    DE-1 observations of solar wind-magnetosphere coupling processes in the polar cusp (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Measurements of hot plasma distribution functions in the midaltitude polar cusp by the Dynamics Explorer-1 spacecraft have provided new information on the processes of magnetosheath plasma injection and transport and the dependence of these phenomena on solar-wind parameters. Results on magnetosheath plasma injection have included: (1) localization of the region of plasma injection to the high-latitude cusp-magnetosheath interface, (2) movement of this region toward lower latitudes as B(z) becomes more southward, (3) maintenance of quasi-neutrality of suprathermal plasmas within the cusp, and (4) support for merging-type injection at the high-latitude cusp boundary for northward IMF. Plasma flow measurements from Dynamics Explorer-1 have led to a global IMF-dependent convection model which contains both merging and viscous driving forces.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 9
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    Statistical study of enhanced ion fluxes in the outer plasmasphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: DE-1 measurements of ion outflows at E = 5 eV to 32 keV in the Northern Hemisphere outer plasmasphere are compiled in graphs and investigated statistically. The data comprise 40 dayside (6:00-12:00 magnetic local time) and 50 nightside (18:00-23:00) passages at magnetic activities Kp = 0-7 and include six magnetic storms and recoveries as well as quiet periods. Features noted include enhanced number fluxes during periods of increased magnetic activity, upward dayside and downward nightside flows, peak net H(+) fluxes greater than 10 to the 8th/sq cm sec, and greater field-aligned flows (but at lower ion temperatures) in the outer plasmasphere than in the plasma trough.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 10
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    Landau damping of auroral hiss (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Auroral hiss is observed to propagate over distances comparable to an Earth radius from its source in the auroral oval. The role of Landau damping is investigated for upward propagating auroral hiss. By using a ray tracing code and a simplified model of the distribution function, the effect of Landau damping is calculated for auroral hiss propagation through the environment around the auroral oval. Landau damping is found to be the likely mechanism for explaining some of the one-sided auroral hiss funnels observed by Dynamics Explorer 1. It is also found that Landau damping puts a lower limit on the wavelength of auroral hiss. Poleward of the auroral oval, Landau damping is found in a typical case to limit omega/k(sub parallel) to values of 3.4 x 10(exp 4) km/s or greater, corresponding to resonance energies of 3.2 keV or greater and wavelengths of 2 km or greater. For equatorward propagation, omega/k(sub parallel) is limited to values greater than 6.8 x 10(exp 4) km/s, corresponding to resonance energies greater than 13 keV and wavelengths greater than 3 km. Independent estimates based on measured ratios of the magnetic to electric field intensity also show that omega/k(sub parallel) corresponds to resonance energies greater than 1 keV and wavelengths greater than 1 km. These results lead to the difficulty that upgoing electron beams sufficiently energetic to directly generate auroral hiss of the inferred wavelength are not usually observed. A partial transmission mechanism utilizing density discontinuities oblique to the magnetic field is proposed for converting auroral hiss to wavelengths long enough to avoid damping of the wave over long distances. Numerous reflections of the wave in an upwardly flared density cavity could convert waves to significantly increased wavelengths and resonance velocities.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A2; p. 2471-2488
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