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  • GEOPHYSICS  (4)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (3)
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  • 1
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    Cosmic ray interactions in the ground: Temporal variations in cosmic ray intensities and geophysical studies (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Temporal variations in cosmic ray intensity have been deduced from observations of products of interactions of cosmic ray particles in the Moon, meteorites, and the Earth. Of particular interest is a comparison between the information based on Earth and that based on other samples. Differences are expected at least due to: (1) differences in the extent of cosmic ray modulation, and (2) changes in the geomagnetic dipole field. Any information on the global changes in the terrestrial cosmic ray intensity is therefore of importance. In this paper a possible technique for detecting changes in cosmic ray intensity is presented. The method involves human intervention and is applicable for the past 10,000 yrs. Studies of changes over longer periods of time are possible if supplementary data on age and history of the sample are available using other methods. Also discussed are the possibilities of studying certain geophysical processes, e.g., erosion, weathering, tectonic events based on studies of certain cosmic ray-produced isotopes for the past several million years.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on Cosmogenic Nuclides; 3 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Cosmic-ray record in solar system matter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The interaction of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar cosmic rays (SCR) with bodies in the solar system is discussed, and what the record of that interaction reveals about the history of the solar system is considered. The influence of the energy, charge, and mass of the particles on the interaction is addressed, showing long-term average fluxes of solar protons, predicted production rates for heavy-nuclei tracks and various radionuclides as a function of depth in lunar rock, and integral fluxes of protons emitted by solar flares. The variation of the earth's magnetic field, the gardening of the lunar surface, and the source of meteorites and cosmic dust are studied using the cosmic ray record. The time variation of GCR, SCR, and VH and VVH nuclei is discussed for both the short and the long term.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Science; 219; Jan. 14
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Characteristics of tracks of ions of 14 less than or equal to Z less than or equal to 36 in common rock silicates. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Identification of heavy ion tracks in minerals by measurements of track etch rates and total etchable track lengths were irradiated with beams of Si, Cl, Ti, Fe, Zn, and Kr at energies up to 10.35 MeV/nucleon. Nine minerals commonly used to study fossil cosmic ray tracks in meteorites and lunar samples. From measurements of etched track length as a function of residual range, response curves for various minerals were determined as a function of ionization rate, using the expression previously derived by Price et al. (1968). These curves increase smoothly with ionization rate instead of rising abruptly at some critical value as was previously thought. It is shown that the track etch rate concept accounts qualitatively for total etchable track length distributions, but that the positions of the peaks of different elements in these histograms occur at shorter lengths for fossil tracks than for fresh tracks. Annealing data indicate that, at maximum lunar surface temperatures, tracks in olivine, orthopyroxenes, and feldspars may be significantly shortened, whereas tracks in clinopyroxenes will not be affected.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 19; 3, Ju; July 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Collecting a sample of solar wind - An experimental study of its capture in metal films. (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Solar wind sample collection, describing experiment to determine ion flux capture efficiency for various metal foils
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ; SEARCH(
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    On determining ice accumulation rates in the past 40,000 years using in situ cosmogenic C-14 (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Radiocarbon is produced in situ in ice by nuclear spallations of oxygen by cosmic ray neutrons. As the firn accumulates, it acquires a predictable concentration of in situ C-14, inversely proportional to the rate of accumulation. Most of this production occurs when the amount of overlying ice is less than (2-3) Lambda, where lambda is the absorption mean free path for cosmic radiation in ice, about 150 g/sq cm, i.e. within the top 10 m. In most accumulation areas, this is firn. In situ produced C-14 is added to the firn as it accumulates, and is not expected to be lost by diffusion. During the firn-ice transition, atmospheric CO2 is trapped, adding (C-14)02 to the ice. The signature of in situ C-14 is however not obliterated since about 60 percent of in situ C-14 is instantly oxidized to (C-14)O in the ice. The results available to date are discussed, and it is proposed that this in situ (C-14)O can be used to determine ice accumulation rates back to 40,000 yrs in the past.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1303-130
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  • 6
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    In situ cosmogenic H-3, C-14, and Be-10 for determining the net accumulation and ablation rates of ice sheets (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The usefulness of the in situ cosmogenic H-3, C-14, and Be-10 produced by spallation of oxygen nuclei in ice, as tracers to determine net accumulation/ablation rates of ice sheets is explored. The application of the in situ H-3 and Be-10 is severely constrained because at deposition, ice contains appreciable amounts of these isotopes from the atmosphere. The case is much more favorable for C-14, which is not carried with wet precipitations; atmospheric C-14 gets mechanically trapped in the ice during deposition. It is pointed out that cosmogenic C-14 would probably exist as (C-14)O in ice. This seems to be supported by the published results of Fireman and Norris (1981). Considering their inherent amounts in the ice and the expected in situ production rates, conditions under which these isotopes can be used to study net accumulation and ablation rates are discussed. Available data on C-14 and Be-10 on polar ice from accumulation and ablation zones is also discussed. It is concluded that H-3 and C-14 should find wide applications in studying ice dynamics and Be-10 in very special circumstances.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 4947-495
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Production of Be-10 and Al-26 by cosmic rays in terrestrial quartz in situ and implications for erosion rates (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Results of determinations of Be-10 and Al-26 produced by cosmic rays in situ in several terrestrial rock samples exposed at altitudes of 1-4 km are presented. The theoretical saturation values for these isotopes produced in quartz at the earth's surface are shown and discussed, and the expected isotope concentrations are considered in terms of a simple exosure history model which occurs without change in the altitude of the sample. The advantages of using Be-10 and Al-26 in this application, as opposed to C1-36, are discussed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of quantitatively measuring Be-10 and Al-26 produced in situ by cosmic rays in quartz and the possible applications of these isotopes as a pair for studying continental weathering/erosion processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 319; 134-136
    Format: text
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