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  • 1
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    Optical properties of aerosol emissions from biomass burning in the tropics, BASE-A (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Ground-based and airborne measurements of biomass-burning smoke particle optical properties, obtained with a view to aerosol-absorption properties, are presented as a function of time and atmospheric height. The wavelength dependence of the optical thickness can be explained by a log-normal size distribution, with particles' effective radius varying between 0.1 and 0.2 microns. The strong correlation noted between aerosol particle profile and CO profile indicates that smoke particulates constitute a good tracer for emission trace gases from tropical biomass burning.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 2
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    Characteristics of smoke emissions from biomass fires of the Amazon region - BASE-A experiment (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment-Amazonia was designed for study of both aerosol and gaseous emissions from fires using an airborne sampling platform. The emission factors for combustion products from four fires suggest that the proportion of carbon released in the form of CO2 is higher than for fires of logging which has been burned in the western U.S. Combustion efficiency was of the order of 97 percent for the Amazonian test fire and 86-94 percent for deforestation fires. The inorganic content of particles from tropical fires are noted to be different from those of fires in the U.S.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
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  • 3
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    Remote sensing of biomass burning associated with deforestation (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A method based on remote sensing of one emitted product - particulates is developed for the global assessment of trace gases and particulates emission from tropical biomass burning. According to the method, the detected mass of emitted particulates is converted into a mass of emitted trace gases using published relations between the emitted particulates and trace gases for the flaming and smoldering phases. Through an analysis of the 1987 burning season in Brazil during the three months of the dry season, it is shown that there are up to 8000 fires a day each contributing 4500 tons of CO(2), 750 tons of CO, and 26 tons of CH(4) to the atmosphere. A comparison to the estimates of global emissions is also presented.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
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  • 4
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    Fossil fuel and biomass burning effect on climate - Heating or cooling? (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The basic theory of the effect of pollution on cloud microphysics and its global implications is applied to compare the relative effect of a small increase in the consumption rate of oil, coal, or biomass burning on cooling and heating of the atmosphere. The characteristics of and evidence for the SO2 induced cooling effect are reviewed. This perturbation analysis approach permits linearization, therefore simplifying the analysis and reducing the number of uncertain parameters. For biomass burning the analysis is restricted to burning associated with deforestation. Predictions of the effect of an increase in oil or coal burning show that within the present conditions the cooling effect from oil and coal burning may range from 0.4 to 8 times the heating effect.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755); 4; 578-588
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  • 5
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    Satellite measurements of large-scale air pollution - Methods (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A technique for deriving large-scale pollution parameters from NIR and visible satellite remote-sensing images obtained over land or water is described and demonstrated on AVHRR images. The method is based on comparison of the upward radiances on clear and hazy days and permits simultaneous determination of aerosol optical thickness with error Delta tau(a) = 0.08-0.15, particle size with error + or - 100-200 nm, and single-scattering albedo with error + or - 0.03 (for albedos near 1), all assuming accurate and stable satellite calibration and stable surface reflectance between the clear and hazy days. In the analysis of AVHRR images of smoke from a forest fire, good agreement was obtained between satellite and ground-based (sun-photometer) measurements of aerosol optical thickness, but the satellite particle sizes were systematically greater than those measured from the ground. The AVHRR single-scattering albedo agreed well with a Landsat albedo for the same smoke.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 9895-990
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  • 6
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    Satellite sensing of aerosol absorption (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A method is developed for remote sensing of aerosol absorption from satellite images of the earth's surface. The method is based on the measurement of the change in the upward radiances between a clear and a hazy day over a varying surface reflectance. For a zero change balance between brightening due to scattering and darkening due to absorption and scattering is reached. This balance is utilized via a radiative transfer model to derive the aerosol single-scattering albedo. A sensitivity study is performed, and the method is tested against laboratory measurements. It is suggested that for the case of haze introduced on top of an existing background aerosol and with a fair estimate of the scattering phase function, the error in the remotely sensed single-scattering albedo is in the range of 0.03-0.05. The main errors in the method arise from variations in the surface reflectance between the clear and the hazy days, uncertainty in the scattering phase function, and variation of the aerosol and gaseous absorption between these two days. If the satellite calibration varies with time, the measurements of single-scattering albedo can be substantially affected.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 4307-431
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  • 7
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    Remote sensing of biomass burning in the tropics (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 9927-993
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  • 8
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    Remote sensing of biomass burning in the tropics (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A technique for assessing the effects of biomass burning on the climate is described. This method is based on the analysis of remote sensing data for the emitted particulates. The relationship between particulates and trace gases is studied. The assessment technique is applied to the 1987 burning season in Brazil. It is noted that during the dry season there may be up to 5000 fires per day which emit 200 ton/hr CO2, 20 ton/hr CO, and 0.5 ton/hr of CH4 to the atmosphere.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 9; 7, 19
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  • 9
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    Satellite measurements of large-scale air pollution - Measurements of forest fire smoke (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The transport, optical properties, total mass, and removal of smoke produced by forest fires in western Canada during late July and early August 1982 are studied using NOAA 7 AVHRR data. Color composite imagery is produced to track the movement of the smoke over Canada and the U.S. as the smoke traveled thousands of km from the source region. Smoke optical thickness, particle size, and single scattering albedo are computed using radiances measured by AVHRR bands 1 and 2. Results show that smoke optical thickness ranged from less that 0.1 to greater than 3.7 and the geometric mean mass radii ranged from 300 to 900 nm. The smoke single scattering albedo ranged from 0.9 to nearly 1.0. The total smoke mass over the eastern U.S. ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 Tg, which is close to the 0.5 Tg estimated from the forest fuel content. The smoke lifetime is estimated to be between 15 and 20 days.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 9911-992
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