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  • GEOPHYSICS  (5)
  • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION  (4)
  • PROPULSION SYSTEMS  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Laboratory tests were performed to quantify the expected NO(x) production by lightning and biological processes. Attention was focused on energy deposition by lightning and the oxygen partial pressure of soil, and one-dimensional photochemical models were defined for the tropospheric distributions of NO and HNO3 for various NO source strengths. The Lightning Facility data were compared with air samples of N2O production gathered during over 2 yr of flights through storms. Soil NO(x) productions were studied in terms of nitrification processes involving Nitrosomonas europaea and Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria, which change ammonium to nitrite and release NO and N2O as byproducts. The results indicate that atmospheric NO(x) is generated at two tropospheric levels, with lightning and soil bacteria being significant contributors.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 18; 9, 19
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: High-resolution measurements of SO2 absorption coefficients in the UV are presented in the wavelength interval between 2962 and 3011 A using a frequency-doubled dye laser as the radiation source. These measurements have application to pollution monitoring of SO2 using the differential absorption scattering (DAS) technique. The spectral resolution of the measurements was 0.2 A (determined by the linewidth of the dye laser) and the generated spectra exhibited considerable rotational structure on the (000) double prime to (060) prime, (070) prime, and (080) prime electronic-vibrational transitions. The latter transitions correspond to center wavelengths of 3001.8, 2981.0, and 2962 A, respectively. The laser measurements were obtained with a signal-processing technique which eliminated calibration procedures associated with conventional optical-absorption measurements. Using this technique, the statistical uncertainty associated with measured absorption coefficients has been reduced to less than plus or minus 2% with a wavelength uncertainty of the laser source of plus or minus 0.1 A.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 46; July 197
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Laser heterodyne spectroscopy (LHS) techniques were used to measure radical gases from Spacelab. Major emphasis was placed on the measurement of ClO, ClOnO2, HO2, H2O2, N2O5, and HOCl in solar occultation with vertical resolution less than or equal to 2-km and vertical range from 1O to 70-km. Sensitivity analyses were performed on ClO and O3 to determine design criteria for the LHS instrument. Results indicate that O3 and ClO vertical profiles can be measured with an accuracy more than or equal to 95% and more than or equal to 80%, respectively, over the total profile.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: High Resolution Infrared Spectry. Tech. for Upper Atmospheric Meas.; p 55-79
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of using the differential absorption and scattering technique from aircraft altitudes for remotely measuring the vertical distribution of SO2 was studied via a computer simulation. Particular care was taken in this simulation to use system parameters (i.e., laser energy, telescope size, etc.) which can be accommodated on an aircraft and can be realized with commercially available technology. The vertical molecular and aerosol profiles were chosen to simulate the types of profiles which might be experienced over a large city. Results are presented on the retrieval of the assumed SO2 profile which show the effects of systematic errors due to interfering gases and aerosols, as well as random errors due to shot noise in the return signal, detector and background noise, and instrument-generated noise.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-TN-D-8077 , L-10398
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Quasi-steady MPD arc thrustor average thrust measurements, considering time-of-flight velocity determination by ion collecting probes
    Keywords: PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 70-1080
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper reports an investigation of the capabilities of a UV differential absorption lidar (DIAL) system for remote measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions. Two features of the present DIAL system are an absorption cell permitting the determination of the difference in SO2 absorption coefficients for the two transmitted wavelengths and a calibration cell permitting the linearity and performance of the system to be evaluated. The DIAL technique is described along with the transmitter, receiver, data-adquisition, and data-processing components of the investigated system. Quantitative measurements of the average SO2 concentration in a region surrounding the exhaust stack of a steam-generating plant are discussed which show that the present system has measurement sensitivities of 10 ppb at a range of 0.8 km and 20 ppb at 1.9 km. Based on performance characteristics obtained during a calibration of this system, it is predicted that a measurement sensitivity of less than 4 ppb over a 1-km path will be attained.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment; Sep 14, 1975 - Sep 19, 1975; Las Vegas, NV
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A), conducted in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions of North America and Greenland during July and August 1988, was the first comprehensive investigation of the sources, sinks, and distribution of trace gas and aerosol chemical species in a northern high-latitude region during summer months. The experimental design emphasized the role of biosphere-atmosphere interactions in determining the chemical composition of the troposphere and in processes which influence the tropospheric O3 budget. This paper reports the overall experimental design of ABLE 3A and includes a brief overview of results.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D15; p. 16,383-16,394.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A tunable diode laser heterodyne radiometer was developed for ground-based measurements of atmospheric solar absorption spectra in the 8 to 12 microns spectral range. The performance and operating characteristics of this Tunable Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer (TIHR) are discussed along with atmospheric solar absorption spectra of HNO3, O3, CO2, and H2O in the 9 to 11 microns spectral region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TP-1726 , L-13877 , Heterodyne Systems and Technol. Conf.; Mar 25, 1980 - Mar 27, 1980; Williamsburg, VA; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Ammonia possesses a unique position in the terrestrial atmosphere in that it is the only gaseous basic constituent. Ammonia readily forms aerosols, and by virtue of its high solubility controls the pH of cloud droplets and precipitation. Over the past year a ground-based solar viewing Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer has been used at Langley Research Center to infer the vertical distribution of ammonia. Ground level in situ measurements of ammonia have also been obtained to supplement the profile data. The ammonia profiles have been analyzed and interpreted with a one-dimensional photochemical model of the troposphere to assess the sources and sinks of NH3.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 81-0376 , Aerospace Sciences Meeting; Jan 12, 1981 - Jan 15, 1981; St. Louis, MO
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2A) used data from aircraft, ground-based, and satellite platforms to characterize the chemistry and dynamics of the lower atmosphere over the Amazon Basin during the early-to-middle dry season, July and August 1985. This paper reports the conceptual framework and experimental approach used in ABLE 2A and serves as an introduction to the detailed papers which follow in this issue. The results of ABLE 2A demonstrate that isoprene, methane, carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, dimethylsulfide, and organic aerosol emissions from soils and vegetation play a major role in determining the chemical composition of the atmospheric mixed layer over undisturbed forest and wetland environments. As the dry season progresses, emissions from both local and distant biomass burning become an important source of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and ozone in the atmosphere over the central Amazon Basin.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 1351-136
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