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  • 1
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    A high-altitude barium radial injection experiment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A rocket launched from Poker Flat, Alaska, carried a new type of high-explosive barium shaped charge to 571 km, where detonation injected a thin disk of barium vapor with high velocity nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field. The TV images of the injection are spectacular, revealing three major regimes of expanding plasma which showed early instabilities in the neutral gas. The most unusual effect of the injection is a peculiar rayed barium-ion structure lying in the injection plane and centered on a 5 km 'black hole' surrounding the injection point. Preliminary electrostatic computer simulations show a similar rayed development.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Dec. 198
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  • 2
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    Concentrations and isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in ocean-floor basalts (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ocean floor basalts studied from the Galapagos Ridge, FAMOUS area, Cayman Trough and Kilauea east rift contain 20-200 ppm carbon and 0.3-2.8 ppn nitrogen as sums of the vesicle-filling gases CO2 and N2 and dissolved species. The wide range of carbon contents found is due partly to the different extent of outgassing of vesicle-filling gases and partly to depth dependency of dissolved CO2 in the basalts. Sulfate commonly exists with sulfide in these basalts, and the sulfate/sulfide ratio increases with increasing water content, perhaps reflecting the higher oxidation potential in basalt melt of the higher water content.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 48; 2433-244
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  • 3
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    Computer simulation of a geomagnetic substorm (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A global two-dimensional simulation of a substormlike process occurring in earth's magnetosphere is presented. The results are consistent with an empirical substorm model - the neutral-line model. Specifically, the introduction of a southward interplanetary magnetic field forms an open magnetosphere. Subsequently, a substorm neutral line forms at about 15 earth radii or closer in the magnetotail, and plasma sheet thinning and plasma acceleration occur. Eventually the substorm neutral line moves tailward toward its presubstorm position.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review Letters; 46; Apr. 13
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  • 4
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    A time dependent three-dimensional simulation of the earth's magnetosphere - Reconnection events (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-20718)
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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  • 5
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    Prolonged triboluminescence in clays and other minerals (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Samples of various clays and minerals were ground or fractured and monitored with a liquid scintillation spectrometer in order to obtain triboluminescent decay curves. Kaolinite samples displayed several million counts/min after grinding, with a surface area emission estimated at tens of billions of photons/sq cm of surface. The photon production rates varied with the origin of the sample, and kaolinite continually yielded higher production rates than bentonite. The addition of water to the samples slightly increased the count rate of emitted light, while the addition of the fluorescent molecule substance tryptofan significantly enhanced the count rate. Freezing smears of kaolinite and montmorillonite in liquid nitrogen and in a salt ice mixture also induced triboluminescence in the montmorillonite. A possible connection between powdery triboluminescent materials formed in mining industries and respiratory disorders among miners is suggested.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Clays and Clay Minerals; 30; 1, 19; 1982
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  • 6
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    Dehydration-induced luminescence in clay minerals (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Reports of triboluminescent phenomena in organic crystalline materials prompted a search for related processes in clay minerals. The reported extensive mechanical distortion produced on freezing and drying of montmorillonite was particularly interesting because of studies of condensation reactions in a wet/dry cycled reaction sequence. The discovery of an unusual luminescent process in several clay minerals is reported and its characteristics are described.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature; 292; Aug. 27
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  • 7
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    Lead isotope systematics of some igneous rocks from the Egyptian Shield (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Lead isotope data on whole-rock samples and two feldspar separates for a variety of Pan-African (late Precambrian) igneous rocks for the Egyptian Shield are presented. It is pointed out that the eastern desert of Egypt is a Late Precambrian shield characterized by the widespread occurrence of granitic plutons. The lead isotope ratios may be used to delineate boundaries between Late Precambrian oceanic and continental environments in northeastern Africa. The samples belong to three groups. These groups are related to a younger plutonic sequence of granites and adamellites, a plutonic group consisting of older tonalites to granodiorites, and the Dokhan volcanic suite.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Precambrian Research (ISSN 0301-9268); 20; 1983
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  • 8
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    Simple energy balance model resolving the seasons and the continents - Application to the astronomical theory of the ice ages (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An analysis is undertaken of the properties of a one-level seasonal energy balance climate model having explicit, two-dimensional land-sea geography, where land and sea surfaces are strictly distinguished by the local thermal inertia employed and transport is governed by a smooth, latitude-dependent diffusion mechanism. Solutions of the seasonal cycle for the cases of both ice feedback exclusion and inclusion yield good agreements with real data, using minimal turning of the adjustable parameters. Discontinuous icecap growth is noted for both a solar constant that is lower by a few percent and a change of orbital elements to favor cool Northern Hemisphere summers. This discontinuous sensitivity is discussed in the context of the Milankovitch theory of the ice ages, and the associated branch structure is shown to be analogous to the 'small ice cap' instability of simpler models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 20
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  • 9
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    Patterns of magnetic field merging sites on the magnetopause (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Models of the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields are used to determine the relative orientations of the two near the dayside magnetopause for the purpose of locating potential merging sites. Areas of the magnetopause with various degrees of antiparallelness for different Interplanetary fields as contour diagrams are studied. For southward and GSE-Y interplanetary field, the patterns obtained are consistent with those envisioned by Crooker in an earlier analysis which used simplified representations for the magnetic field geometry. Here the application of realistic models shows the locations of areas where any antiparallel component occurs. Merging sites for radial interplanetary fields are also illustrated. The results suggest that the geometrical configuration of the fields is suitable for merging over a large fraction of the magnetopause for interplanetary fields that are either primarily southward, GSE-Y, or radial (GSE-X) in direction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Neilsen Eng. and Res., Inc. Appl. of a Global Solar Wind/Planetary Obstacle Interaction Computational Model 10p (SEE N84-26509 16-88)
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  • 10
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    Carbon and its isotopes in mid-oceanic basaltic glasses (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Sample surface carbon, mantle carbon dioxide in vesicles, and mantle carbon dissolved in glasses, are the three carbon components evident in the 11 mid-oceanic basalts presently analyzed. The total carbon content may be controlled by the depth of the shallowest ridge magma chamber, and carbon isotopic fractionation accompanies magma degassing. Using He-3 and carbon data for submarine hydrothermal fluids, the present day midoceanic ridge carbon flux is approximately estimated to be 1.0 x 10 to the 13th g C/yr, requiring 8 Gyr to accumulate the earth's present crustal carbon inventory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 69; 1, Ju; 43-57
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