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  • 1
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    ATMOS Spacelab science investigation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmopshere Res. Program; p 201-202
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  • 2
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    Stratospheric measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of continuous absorption near 2400 per cm by N2 and CO2 over long path lengths in the lower stratosphere are presented. The continua were measured in a stratospheric solar spectrum obtained during sunset with a balloon-borne Michelson interferometer in the 2380-2500 per cm region, and transmittances were calculated by ratioing the amplitudes to those of a high-sun spectrum in order to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the measured flux. Comparison of the measured transmittances with those calculated for a multilayered atmospheric model using laboratory absorption measurements results in a fair agreement, and reveals the primary component of the absorption throughout most of the range to be N2, with the CO2 contribution equal to that of N2 only at the CO2 band head. In this region, the shape of the continuum is very sensitive to the sub-Lorentzian line shape assumed in the calculations, and so, if the shape of the N2 continuum at low temperatures can be determined through laboratory measurements, may be used to infer air-broadened far-wing CO2 line shape.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Dec. 15
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  • 3
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    Water vapor in the stratosphere - Preliminary results of the LIMS experiment aboard Nimbus 7 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Rapid inversion of limb radiance data using an emissivity growth approximation (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The time-consuming nature of limb relaxation-type inversion algorithms is due primarily to the numerous integrations over an absorption band to obtain forward radiance values with which to compare measured values. A new method has been devised for the quick and accurate (0.5% error) calculation of single gas broadband (approximately 100 per cm) limb radiance. The method uses a precalculated data base consisting of homogeneous path emissivity vs mass path data for a wide range of temperature and pressure. A 50-km altitude range, 1-km resolution, constituent inversion employing this method requires under 1 sec of computational time when run on modern computer hardware. The method does not rely upon a priori statistical knowledge.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 20; Mar. 1
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  • 5
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    SAM II aerosol profile measurements, Poker Flat, Alaska; July 16-19, 1979 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: SAM II satellite measurements during the July 1979 Poker Flat mission, yielded an aerosol extinction coefficient of 0.0004/km at 1.0 micron wavelength, in the region of the stratospheric aerosol mixing ratio peak (12-16 km). The stratospheric aerosol optical depth for these data, calculated from the tropopause through 30 km, is approximately 0.001. These results are consistent with the average 1979 summertime values found throughout the Arctic.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 8; Jan. 198
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  • 6
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    High-latitude stratospheric aerosols measured by the SAM II satellite system in 1978 and 1979 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Results of the first year of data collection by the SAM (Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement) II satellite system are presented. Almost 10,000 profiles of stratospheric aerosol extinction in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are used to construct plots of weekly averaged aerosol extinction versus altitude and time and stratospheric optical depth versus time. Corresponding temperature fields are presented. These data show striking similarities in the aerosol behavior for corresponding seasons. Wintertime polar stratospheric clouds that are strongly correlated with temperature are documented. They are much more prevalent in the Antarctic stratosphere during the cold austral winter and increase the stratospheric optical depths by as much as an order of magnitude for a period of about 2 months. These clouds might represent a sink for stratospheric water vapor and must be considered in the radiative budget for this region and time.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science; 214; Oct. 16
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  • 7
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    Examination of wintertime latitudinal gradients in stratospheric NO2 using theory and LIMS observations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Nimbus 7 LIMS data and a photochemical model are used to show that the observed sharp latitudinal gradients in stratospheric wintertime NO2 are consistent with the conversion of NO2 to N2O5 at high latitudes. This conversion, and the sharp gradients, are brought about by the interaction between transport and photochemistry. Calculated variations show good agreement with observations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Oct. 198
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  • 8
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    Satellite observations of upper atmosphere O3 and HNO3 from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere /LIMS/ experiment on Nimbus 7 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment, launched on-board the Nimbus satellite, was designed to measure both day and night limb radiance which is used to infer upper atmosphere temperature profiles and chemical compound concentrations important in the study of ozone chemistry. The LIMS instrument is a six channel, limb scanning, thermal radiometer which uses HgCdTe detectors, cooled to approximately 64 K. Measurements include ozone, water vapor, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric acid. The ozone and nitric acid channels are centered at approximately 9.6 microns and 11.3 microns, respectively. Results from the channels are described with an emphasis on data validation. The O3 and HNO3 channels have demonstrated high measurement precision.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 9
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    Satellite solar occultation sounding of the middle atmosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper discusses the principles, achievements, and prospects for satellite solar occultation sounding of the middle atmosphere. Advantages, disadvantages, and spatial and temporal coverage capabilities are described. Progress over the past 15 years is reviewed, and results from a recent satellite aerosol experiment are presented. Questions with regard to Doppler shift, atmospheric refraction, instrument pointing, pressure sensing, and measurement of diurnally active species are addressed. Two experiments now orbiting on the Nimbus-7 and AEM-B satellites, and approved experiments under development for future flights on Spacelab and the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite, are also described. In some cases more than one experiment is scheduled to be flown on the same spacecraft, and the advantages and synergistic effects of these applications are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Pure and Applied Geophysics; 118; 1-2,; 1980
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  • 10
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    Satellite and correlative measurements of the stratospheric aerosol. I An optical model for data conversions (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A description is presented of an empirically based model of stratospheric aerosol optical properties (size distributions and refractive indices) and their variations. The need for such a model arose in the data validation and archival programs for two satellite sensors, SAM II and SAGE. These programs require the ability to convert measurements of a given aerosol macroproperty (e.g., volume extinction coefficient, volume backscatter coefficient, particle number or mass per unit volume) to best estimates of other aerosol macroproperties, and to assess quantitatively the uncertainties in the conversion process. The described model provides the information on size distributions, refractive indices and their variations necessary for these tasks, and also defines a procedure for combining the model information with empirical data in a way that facilitates automatic data processing. Although the model was developed for use in the satellite validation and archival programs, it also has proven useful in other studies of stratospheric aerosol.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 38; June 198
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