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  • 1
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    ISEE 1 and 2 observations of Birkeland currents in the earth's inner magnetosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: Signatures of Birkeland currents in the earth's inner magnetosphere observed from the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft during November 1977-December 1978 at distances ranging from 2.4-7.0 earth radii are examined. The data reveal that most of the currents were detected during outbound rather than inbound passes. Large-scale current structures were identified as parts of the region 1 and 2 current systems in 27 percent of the spacecraft outbound passes; no distinguishable region 1 or 2 currents were detected in 19 percent of the outbound passes; and in 54 percent of the passes multiple current structures and ambiguous magnetic signatures were observed. The properties of Birkeland current structures observed on January 31, 1978, February 28, 1978, March 15, 1978, June 21, 1978, and June 25, 1978 are described. It is observed that the current sheet thicknesses range from 519-18,279 km; sheet current density ranges from 13-150 mA/m; and the volume current density ranges from 1.7-128 nA/sq m.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 6945-695
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Validation of SAGE II aerosol measurements by comparison with correlative sensors (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The SAGE II limb-scanning radiometer carried on the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite functions at wavelengths of 0.385, 0.45, 0.525, and 1.02 microns to identify vertical profiles of aerosol density by atmospheric extinction measurements from cloud tops upward. The data are being validated by correlating the satellite data with data gathered with, e.g., lidar, sunphotometer, and dustsonde instruments. Work thus far has shown that the 1 micron measurements from the ground and satellite are highly correlated and are therefore accurate to within measurement uncertainty.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Optical observations of the AMPTE artificial comet from the Northern Hemisphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The AMPTE artificial comet of Dec. 27, 1984, developed a well-defined core (maximum size about 160 x 100 km) of cold barium ions, surrounded by a diffuse coma, 500 km in diameter, consisting of ions extracted from the core. A plasma tail extended from the core, mainly directed away from the sun. The plasma tail and diffuse coma consisted of energetic ions (above 200 eV). Confounding predictions, the artificial comet survived for barely five minutes, and the core of the comet moved southward, rather than in the direction of the solar wind.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 320; 704-708
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Uncertainty estimates in geomagnetic field modeling (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: This paper presents an extension of the conventional uncertainty analysis which characterizes the sources of uncertainty in the coefficients of the geomagnetic field models. The new formalism accounts for the systematic errors introduced by the omission of such sources as the presence of crustal fields, the external fields, and the field from the truncated terms. The usefulness of this formalism depends on two critical conditions. The first of these is the knowledge of the statistical properties of the fields whose parameters are not solved in the analysis, i.e., the crustal field and the external field. The second critical point in the practical use of the method is the approximation used for the weight matrix.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 12281-12
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Definitive IGRF models for 1945, 1950, 1955, and 1960 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Definitive internal geomagnetic field models are obtained for the epochs 1945, 1950, 1955, and 1960, with the solution including local biases for the fixed observatories. In order to derive a priori models for the epochs, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (12/83) model (based on Magsat data) was projected backward in time using a spline fit to annual secular-variation models. An uncertainty model was developed which included estimates of the effects of crustal and core fields not represented by the model. Differences between biases from year to year are found to be within the predicted bounds.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity (ISSN 0022-1392); 40; 6, 19
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    The westward thermospheric jet-stream of the evening auroral oval (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Ground-based and satellite measurements of the thermospheric wind in jet-streams during the evening auroral oval are analyzed, in order to study the geophysical mechanisms of thermospheric wind generation. Numerical simulations using a global, three-dimensional, time-dependent model of thermospheric dynamics were compared with the satellite data, and the results are discussed in detail. The wind distribution during the storm is shown in a series of color plates.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 33; 425-443
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    The GSFC gound-based lidar for the measurement of stratospheric ozone (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Concern has risen over the last decade concerning the release of gases into the atmosphere which when photolyzed in the stratosphere can catalyze the destruction of ozone. Although the expected change is only on the order of 5%, significant changes in the vertical profile are anticipated. Predictions at 40 km run as high as a 60% change in the next 50 to 100 years. Because of the importance of ozone in the thermal budget of the atmosphere, such a change will have a direct impact on the earth's climate. Long term monitoring of stratospheric ozone is required to validate the predictions and Differential Absorption Lidar is particularly well suited to this measurement. GSFC is currently constructing a mobile lidar system based on a high powered XeCl excimer laser. The system is expected to be operating by fall 1986 and a campaign to compare the lidar results with a series of ROCOZ flights is planned.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 1 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Properties of Filamentary Sublimation Residues from Dispersions of Clay in Ice (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-09
    Beschreibung: The properties of sublimate residues are of considerable interest in studies of the thermal modeling of Martian and cometary ice surfaces. The study of the formation of sand grains from this mantle on Martian polar ice is also supported by these experiments. To understand these properties, a series of low temperature vacuum experiments were run during which dirty ices that might be expected to be found in Martian polar caps and in comet nuclei were made and then freeze dried. In addition to using particulate material of appropriate grain size and minerology, particle nucleated ices were simulated by dispersing the particulates in the ice so that they did not contact one another. This noncontact dispersion was the most difficult requirement to achieve but the most rewarding in that it produced a new filamentary sublimate residue that was not a relic of the frozen dispersion. If the siliceous particles are allowed to touch one another in the ice the structure of the contacting particles in the ice will remain as a relic after the ice is sublimed away.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program, 1984; p 440-442
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Role of seasonality in the evolution of climate during the last 100 million years (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A simple climate model has been used to calculate the effect of past changes in the land-sea distribution on the seasonal cycle of temperatures during the last 100 million years. Modeled summer temperature decreased over Greenland by more than 10 C and over Antarctica by 5 to 8 C. For the last 80 million years, this thermal response is comparable in magnitude to estimated atmospheric carbon dioxide effects. Analysis of paleontological data provides some support for the proposed hypothesis that large changes due to seasonality may have sometimes resulted in an ice-free state due to high summer temperatures rather than year-round warmth. Such 'cool' nonglacials may have prevailed for as much as one-third of the last 100 million years.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 231; 579-584
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Progress in stratospheric hydroxyl measurement by balloon-borne lidar (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Knowledge of the concentration of hydroxyl radical is crucial to understanding the chemistry of the stratosphere. Hydroxyl participates in several catalytic cycles which destroy ozone and strongly influences the cycles of chlorine and nitrogen oxides by its reactions which form or destroy reservoirs for chlorine and odd-nitrogen compounds. Measurements have been conducted of the concentration of hydroxyl radical between the altitudes of 32.5 and 38.5 km using the technique of laser-induced fluorescence. The results ranging from 4 to 9 x 10 to the 6th per cu cm (with an accuracy of + or - 50 percent) are about 2-3 times lower than predicted by current one-dimensional models, although the uncertainties in the determination and in the models are sufficiently large to explain the differences. A number of potential improvements to the instrument are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 7913-792
    Format: text
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