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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ozone and temperature profiles were measured in 50 balloon flights at McMurdo Station (78 deg S) during the spring of 1987. Compared to similar data obtained in 1986, stratospheric temperatures were lower and the spring time Antarctic ozone reduction was greater in magnitude, extended to higher altitude, and proceeded at a higher rate in 1987. Ozone partial pressures reached values as low as 3 nbar (as compared to about 10 nbar in 1986) in the 16- to 18-km region in early and late October, down from about 150 nbar in late August. These low values suggest essentially complete removal of ozone in this region. The upper boundary of the depletion region was observed to be 2-3 km higher than in 1986, extending to altitudes as high as 24 km in mid-September. When averaged over September, the ozone mixing ratio at 18 km decayed with a half-life of only 12.4 days, as compared to about 28 days in 1986. Adiabatic vertical motions over 1- to 2-km intervals between 12 and 20 km with consequent ozone reductions were observed in association with the formation of nacreous clouds, indicating these to be rare events on a local scale probably associated with mountain lee waves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16527-16
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Rate constants and photochemical cross sections are presented. The primary application of the data is for modeling of the stratospheric processes, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthropogenic and natural phenomena.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-176198 , NAS 1.26:176198 , JPL-PUB-85-37
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Global monthly mean charts for both hemispheres are given for four mid-season months, and for the pressure levels 30, 10, 1, and 0.1 mbar for temperature and 0.4 mbar for ozone. Charts of total ozone are provided separately. This set of charts shows clearly the very close coupling between the temperature and ozone distributions and demonstrates the influence of the large-scale planetary waves which give rise to very large longitudinal variations. The regular and interannual variability of temperature and ozone are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Assessment of our Understanding of the Processes Controlling its Present Distribution and Change, Volume 3; 54 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Based principally on data collected aboard the DE 1 and 2 spacecraft during the October 7 to December 1, 1981 period, plasma boundaries in the inner magnetosphere are studied. Results indicate that in the evening sector, the low-energy ion transition and the 100-eV inner edge of the electron plasma sheet are coincident with each other, with the field lines threading the 100-eV equatorward edge of the auroral electron precipitation, and with variations in magnetic activity. A characteristic energy dispersion, observed in the plasma sheet inner edges at 100 eV, 1 keV and 10 keV, with the lower energy boundaries located earthward of the higher energy boundaries, is shown to increase from the midnight sector toward dusk, and to decrease with increasing magnetic activity. In the evening sector, these boundaries are shown to be accurate signatures of the boundary between closed and open convection trajectories, and the characteristic electron energy sheet dispersion is found to be similarly governed by the convection pattern such that the inner edges may be seen as the Alfven layers at those energies.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8861-888
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The measurement of temporal changes in ozone and temperature are discussed. The data are examined within the context of natural atmospheric variability and data problems. The results are compared to numerical model calculations. The major issues are defined in terms of goal achievement. Each parameter is considered in terms of instrument type, long term effects, and altitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Assessment of our Understanding of the Processes Controlling its Pre sent Distribution and Change, Volume 3; 34 p
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The data for chemical kinetics rate constants and photochemical cross sections taken from a compilation prepared in early 1985, entitled Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Stratospheric Modeling, is presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Assessment of our Understanding of the Processes Controlling its Present Distribution and Change, Volume 3; 16 p
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A detailed observational treatment of bidirectional electrons (about 50 to 500 eV) in the distant magnetotail (r not below 100 earth radii) is presented. It is found that electrons in this energy range commonly exhibit strong, field-aligned anisotropies in the tail lobes. Because of large tail motions, the ISEE 3 data provide extensive sampling of both the north and south lobes in rapid succession. These data directly demonstrate the strong asymmetries that exist between the north and south lobes at any one time. The bidirectional fluxes are found to occur predominantly in the lobe directly connected to the sunward interplanetary magnetic field in the open magnetosphere model (north lobe for away sectors and south lobe for toward sectors). Electron anisotropy and magnetic field data are presented which show the transition from unidirectional (sheath) electron populations to bidirectional (lobe) populations. The open nature of the distant magnetopause is demonstrated and it is shown that the source of the higher-energy, bidirectional lobe electrons is the tailward directed electron heat flux population in the distant magnetosheath. Taken together, the present evidence suggests that the bidirectional electrons that were observed in the distant tail are closely related to the polar rain electrons observed previously at lower altitudes. Furthermore, these data provide strong evidence that the distant tail is composed largely of open magnetic field lines in contradistinction to some recently advanced models.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 5637-566
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A program designed to study the Antarctic ozone hole using ER-2 high-altitude and DC-8 aircraft was conducted out of Punta Arenas, Chile during August 17-September 22, 1987. Graphs are presented of ozone and chlorine monoxide when crossing the boundary of the chemically perturbed region on August 23 and on September 21. Interpretations of ClO, H2O, and N2O measurements are presented, indicating ongoing diabetic cooling and advective poleward transport across the boundary.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11437-11
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Measurements of the vertical profile of particles with condensation nuclei counters and eight channel aerosol detectors at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, in 1987 verified observations made in 1986 concerning the absence of upwelling in the polar vortex and the presence of a condensation nuclei layer in conjunction with the ozone hole region. New observations of a bimodal aerosol size distribution, consisting of a large-particle mode mixed in with the small-particle sulfate mode, at temperatures below -79 C are consistent with the presence of nitric acid-water particles at low concentrations. Higher concentrations of large particles were observed in association with nacreous clouds. An unusual particle layer which contained enhanced concentrations of both the small-particle (sulfate) mode and the large-particle (nitric acid) mode was detected at temperatures below -85 C, suggesting simultaneous nucleation and growth phenomena. The vortex condensation nuclei layer was observed to form at the same time as the ozone hole, indicating that formation of the layer is triggered by photochemical processes and may be important in controlling ozone depletion above 22 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11253-11
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nine experiments obtained stratospheric ozone measurements during the fall 1985 Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) Global Budget of Stratospheric Trace Constituents (GLOBUS) NO(x) campaign. Measurements are grouped into four sets from four air masses and compared. Agreement between individual experiments and weighted mean profiles is generally within 10 percent and within absolute accuracies. Dobson Umkehr values in layer 5 differ by more than absolute accuracies from weighted mean profiles. Brewer sonde values for one data set are outside absolute accuracies near the ozone peak. Solar UV occultation measurements are 30-35 percent less than the weighted mean profile and outside absolute accuracies. Measurements from the Exospheric Satellite backscattered ultraviolet experiment, not previously compared with other techniques, agree within 10-15 percent of weighted mean profiles. Results of the campaign are generally consistent with those of four previous intercomparison campaigns.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 11074-11
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