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  • 1
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    HF Doppler observations of acoustic waves excited by the earthquake (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Ionospheric disturbances caused by the earthquake of a relatively small and large epicentral distance have been detected by a network of HF-Doppler sounders in central Japan and Kyoto station, respectively. The HF-Doppler data of a small epicentral distance, together with the seismic data, have been used to formulate a mechanism whereby ionospheric disturbances are produced by the Urakawa-Oki earthquake in Japan. Comparison of the dynamic spectra of these data has revealed experimentally that the atmosphere acts as a low-pass filter for upward-propagating acoustic waves. By surveying the earthquakes for which the magnitude M is larger than 6.0, researchers found the ionospheric effect in 16 cases of 82 seismic events. As almost all these effects have occurred in the daytime, it is considered that it may result from the filtering effect of the upward-propagating acoustic waves.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; p 310-318
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Observations of gravity waves in the mesosphere with the MU radar (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Wind motions were observed at 60 to 90 km altitudes with the MU radar during daylight hours (0800 to 1600 LT) from 13 to 31 October 1986. Quasi-monochromatic gravity waves were evident on 16 of the 19 days of observations. They were characterized by typical vertical wavelength of 5 to 15 km and intrinsic periods centered at about 9 hours. The propagation direction of the gravity waves, determined by the gravity wave dispersion relation, was mostly equatorward. The vertical wave number spectra of the horizontal components of the mesoscale wind fluctuations are explained well by saturated gravity wave theory. The frequency spectrum of vertical wind component has a slope of + 1/3, while the oblique spectra have a slope of -5/3 up to 4 x 10(-3) (c/s); these agree fairly well with model gravity wave spectra. Doppler shift effects on the frequency spectra are recognized at higher frequencies. Upward flux was determined of horizontal momentum flux induced by waves with periods from 10 min to 8 hours, and westward and northward body forces of 5.1 and 4.0 m/s/day, were estimated respectively.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 469-476
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The stratospheric aerosol particle measurement by balloon at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E): Outline of special sonde (rubber) campaign JARE 24 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the period of AMA (Antarctic Middle Atmosphere), various style balloons were used to measure atmospheric parameters at Syowa Station (69.00 deg S, 39.35 deg E), Antarctica. The measurements which were made using balloons specially designed to monitor stratospheric aerosol particles are discussed. This type balloon was first used by JARE (Japan Antarctic Research Expedition) 24th Team in 1983. Until that time, the Japan Antarctic Research Expedition Team had been using only a large plastic balloon to monitor various minor constituents in the stratosphere. The plastic balloon was very useful, but it took a long time to arrange a balloon launching. Additionally, launching time strongly depended on weather conditions. A timely launching of the balloon was carried out with this specially designed sonde.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 3 p
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Spectral analysis of temperature and Brunt-Vaisala frequency fluctuations observed by radiosondes (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Recent studies have revealed that vertical wave number spectra of wind velocity and temperture fluctuations in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere are fairly well explained by a saturated gravity wave spectrum. But N(2) (N:Brunt-Vaisala (BV) frequency) spectra seem to be better for testing the scaling of the vertical wave number spectra in layers with different stratifications, beause its energy density is proportional only to the background value of N(2), while that for temperature depends on both the BV frequency and the potential temperature. From temperature profiles observed in June to August 1987 over the MU Observatory, Japan, by using a radiosonde with 30 m height resolution, N(2) spectra are determined in the 2 to 8.5 km (troposphere) and 18.5 to 25 km (lower stratosphere) ranges. Although individual spectra show fairly large day-by-day variability, the slope of the median of 34 spectra agrees reasonably with the theoretical value of -1 in the wave number range of 6 x 10(-4) similar to 3 x 10(-3) (c/m). The ratio of the spectral energy between these two height regions is about equal to the ratio of N(2), consistent with the prediction of saturated gravity wave theory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 461-468
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    MU radar observation of a mesospheric gravity wave breaking caused by convective instability (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: In recent measurements of mesospheric winds with the MU radar at Shigaraki (34.9 N, 136.1 E), Japan, a couple of wind velocity data was obtained showing that a monochromatic inertia-gravity wave was propagating vertically in the mesosphere. The data show that the velocity amplitude of the wave did not increase exponentially above a height and further show that the wave form had broken down at a level. Evaluating the changes of the atmospheric stability in the wave field from the measured wind data and from the estimated wave parameters, the breakdown of the wave was shown to be connected with the occurrence of convective instability in the wave field.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 447-448
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    VHF radar observation of the middle atmosphere at Syowa Station, Antarctica (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The newly developed pulsed Doppler radars with 50 and 112 MHz were installed at Syowa Station (69 deg 00'S, 39 deg 35'E geographic; 70.0 deg S, 80.2 deg E geomagnetic) in 1982 and 1983, respectively. They have the nominal peak power of 15 kW; the narrow antenna beams (4 deg in the horizontal plane) in two different directions (approximately geomagnetic south and geographic south with a crossing angle of about 33 deg), the three operation modes (spectrum, double-pulse and meteor mode). The radars were designed to measure the intensity and Doppler velocity of auroral radar echoes due to the 3- and 1.34-m irregularities appearing often in the disturbed E region and also to detect the meteor echoes in the 80 to 100 km altitudes, thereby to clarify how the middle atmosphere in the polar region behaves in response to the energy input from the magnetosphere, especially during a substorm. Some initial results obtained through the radar operation during 1982 to 1983 are presented to show that this system is useful for continuous monitoring of the lower auroral ionosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions Handbook for MAP, Vol. 18; 6 p
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    ISEE 1 and 2 observations of Birkeland currents in the earth's inner magnetosphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Signatures of Birkeland currents in the earth's inner magnetosphere observed from the ISEE 1 and 2 spacecraft during November 1977-December 1978 at distances ranging from 2.4-7.0 earth radii are examined. The data reveal that most of the currents were detected during outbound rather than inbound passes. Large-scale current structures were identified as parts of the region 1 and 2 current systems in 27 percent of the spacecraft outbound passes; no distinguishable region 1 or 2 currents were detected in 19 percent of the outbound passes; and in 54 percent of the passes multiple current structures and ambiguous magnetic signatures were observed. The properties of Birkeland current structures observed on January 31, 1978, February 28, 1978, March 15, 1978, June 21, 1978, and June 25, 1978 are described. It is observed that the current sheet thicknesses range from 519-18,279 km; sheet current density ranges from 13-150 mA/m; and the volume current density ranges from 1.7-128 nA/sq m.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 6945-695
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  • 8
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    Multipolarization radar images for geologic mapping and vegetation discrimination (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: NASA has developed an airborne SAR that simultaneously yields image data in four linear polarizations in L-band with 10-m resolution over a swath of about 10 km. Signal data are recorded both optically and digitally and annotated in each of the channels to facilitate completely automated digital correlation. Comparison of the relative intensities of the different polarizations furnishes discriminatory mapping information. Local intensity variations in like-polarization images result from topographic effects, while strong cross polarization responses denote the effects of vegetation cover and, in some cases, possible scattering from the subsurface. In each of the areas studied, multiple polarization data led to the discrimination and mapping of unique surface unit features.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-24; 246-257
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  • 9
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    In situ ozone measurements within the 1987 Antarctic ozone hole from a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In situ ozone measurements were made from the ER-2 aircraft during the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment both inside and outside the ozone hole. Midday measurements from late August until late September during aircraft ascent near 53 deg S latitude indicate no clear temporal trend in ozone mixing ratio but instead reflect the distance of the measurement from the chemically perturbed region. The measurements made within the ozone hole at 72 deg S show altitude-dependent decreases in ozone of 61 percent at a potential temperature of 425 K down to 39 percent at 365 K. Temporal trends are also calculated at various positions relative to the boundary of the chemically perturbed region to locate the region of large ozone decreases and thereby accurately locate the boundary of the ozone hole.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16547-16
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  • 10
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    Auroral zone effects on hydrogen geocorona structure and variability (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The effect of diurnal and magnetospheric modulations on the structure of the hydrogen geocorona is analyzed on the basis of recent observations. Particular attention is given to the enhancement of neutral escape by plasma effects, including the recently observed phenomenon of low-altitude ion acceleration. It is found that, while significant fluxes of neutral H should be produced by transverse ion acceleration in the auroral zone, the process is probably insufficient to account for the observed polar depletion of hydrogen atoms. Analysis of recent exospheric temperature measurements from the Dynamics Explorer-2 satellite suggest that neutral heating in and near the high latitude cusp may be the major contributor to depleted atomic hydrogen densities at high latitudes. Altitude profiles of the production rates for escaping neutral hydrogen atoms during periods of maximum, minimum, and typical solar activity are provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 33; 499-505
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