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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (177)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (136)
  • SPACE VEHICLES
  • 1990-1994  (313)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1990  (313)
  • 1
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    Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate measurements over the Brazilian Amazon Basin during the wet season - Relationships with nitrogen oxides and ozone (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis is presented on the distribution and variability of PAN as well as its relationship with measured chemical and meteorological parameters. The chemicals of most interest for which measurements were available are PAN, NO(x), O3, CO, and C2Cl4. PAN was measured by the electron capture gas chromatographic technique, and the technique for calibrations and measurements are detailed. Data show that significant concentrations of PAN (5-125 ppt) are present during the wet season and this PAN is 1-5 times more abundant than NO(x). PAN levels at different atmospheric locations are discussed, and it is noted that PAN shows evidence of a possible latitudinal gradient in the free troposphere, with values falling rapidly from the northern midlatitudes toward the equator. High correlations between O3 and PAN levels suggest that nonmethane hydrocarbons may contribute significantly to high O3 in the free troposphere. Evidence indicates that virtually all of the NO(x) above 4 km could result from PAN decomposition.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16945-16
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  • 2
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    Ratios of peroxyacetyl nitrate to active nitrogen observed during aircraft flights over the eastern Pacific Ocean and continental United States (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10179-10
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  • 3
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    Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemistry along air parcel trajectories (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The study of coupled heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry due to polar stratospheric clouds (PSC's) using Lagrangian parcel trajectories for interpretation of the Airborne Arctic Stratosphere Experiment (AASE) is discussed. This approach represents an attempt to quantitatively model the physical and chemical perturbation to stratospheric composition due to formation of PSC's using the fullest possible representation of the relevant processes. Further, the meteorological fields from the United Kingdom Meteorological office global model were used to deduce potential vorticity and inferred regions of PSC's as an input to flight planning during AASE.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington, NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program: Research Summaries 1988-1989; p 239-240
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Carbon monoxide over the Amazon Basin during the wet season (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Measurements of the distribution of carbon monoxide in the lower atmosphere (150-5000 m) over the Amazon region of Brazil during the wet season, taken in conjunction with the 1987 NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment/Amazon Boundary Layer Experiment (ABLE 2B), are analyzed. About 100 hr of airborne, in situ CO measurements were obtained using a tunable diode laser system, providing insights into factors influencing the basin-scale distribution of CO in the Amazonian troposphere during wet season conditions. Distribution of CO over the altitudes 0.15-4.5 km was influenced by such factors as surface emissions from biological sources and long-range transport of pollutants from Northern Hemisphere sources. It is noted that the disruption of mixed layer growth and decay processes has a particularly important influence on CO concentration in the daytime lower troposphere and that the correlation of CO with O3 was positive under conditions influenced by Northern Hemisphere air and negative under all other conditions observed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 16927-16
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  • 5
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    Exosat observations of Cygnus X-2 continuum and line spectrum (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An analysis of five Exosat observations of Cyg X-2, taken around a full binary orbit is presented. The data were obtained using all instrumentation (1000 lines/mm Transmission Grating Spectrometer, Channel Multiplier Array + filters, Medium-Energy experiment, and Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter) simultaneously, and span the full energy range 0.5-20 keV. No clear evidence was found for a correlation of any of the source characteristics with orbital phase. During two of the observations, significant iron K emission at 6.7 keV was detected, the relative strength of which seems to correlate with total X-ray intensity during two sharp intensity dips. The previous detection of discrete emission features in the 12-19 A band with the Einstein grating is confirmed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 361; 596-606
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  • 6
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    Aircraft measurements of NO(x) over the eastern Pacific and continental United States and implications for ozone production (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are reported from airborne measurements of NO, NO2, O3, and CO obtained in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL) over the western U.S. and eastern Pacific during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 (CITE 2) in summer 1986. The aircraft instrumentation and the CITE 2 flight protocols are described, and the results are presented in extensive tables and graphs. Over the ocean the median mixing ratios for NO and NO2 were found to be 4.0 and 10.4 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), respectively, in the BL and 12.4 and 18.0 pptv in the FT; the corresponding values over land were 34.5 and 75.0 pptv in the BL and 13.0 and 36.0 pptv in the FT. in continental air masses. NO(x) is shown to be positively correlated with O3 and CO and negatively correlated with dewpoint over the ocean, whereas over land NO(x) was positively correlated with O3, CO, and dewpoint.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10205-10
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  • 7
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    The polar stratospheric cloud event of January 24. II - Photochemistry (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the 1988/89 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE), observations of the chemical composition, aerosol characteristics and atmospheric state were obtained from two aircraft, a NASA ER-2 and a DC-8. This paper presents a diagnosis of observations obtained using the ER-2 on January 24, 1989, using a Lagrangian coupled microphysical-photochemical model. The high chlorine monoxide mixing ratios observed from the ER-2 on the afternoon of January 24, 1989 are interpreted as a result of in situ heterogeneous release of reactive chlorine from the reservoirs HCl and CIONO2 on type-1 polar stratospheric cloud particles observed to be present at that time. This essential element in theories of polar ozone depletion has never before been observed directly in the stratosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 541-544
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  • 8
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    Simulating the evolution of the chemical composition of the 1988/89 winter vortex (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the 1988/89 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE) observations of the chemical composition and aerosol characteristics of the winter vortex were obtained from a NASA ER-2 aircraft. In this paper we present interpretations of observations obtained on three ER-2 flights using a Lagrangian coupled photochemical-microphysical model. It is argued that observations obtained on Jaunary 16 and 19, and February 10, represent different stages of the chemical evolution of the vortex, from the early stages of chlorine release, the onset of denitrification and the intensively processed state.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 549-552
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  • 9
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    Calculations of ozone destruction during the 1988/89 Arctic winter (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Calculations of ozone depletion during the 1988/89 Arctic winter using a Lagrangian coupled photochemical-microphysical model are presented. Abundances of ClO in excess of 1 ppbv were observed at the end of the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition on February 10, 1989. These are shown to be consistent with the removal of more than 90 percent of the reactive nitrogen and the conversion of more than 80 percent of reservoir chlorine to active forms. This chemical state implies that ozone losses of more than 20 ppbv/day can be sustained in heavily denitrified air throughout much of February according to current photochemistry. As much as 74 percent of the loss is calculated to be due to ClO dimer photolysis. Following the warming of the vortex in mid-February 1989, ozone loss through ClO dimer photolysis becomes less effective as the rate of thermal decomposition of the ClO dimer increases. Thus, model results suggest that thermal decomposition of the dimer plays an important role in limiting ozone loss in the Arctic spring.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 553-556
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  • 10
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    Redistribution of reactive odd nitrogen in the lower arctic stratosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In-situ measurements of total reactive odd nitrogen NO(y), were made from the NASA DC-8 aircraft in the lower arctic stratosphere during the 1989 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition. Throughout January and February, NO(y) mixing ratios were typically between 0.5 and 3 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) at altitudes between 10 and 12.5 km. During several flights late in the mission, events of unusually light NO(y) occurred with mixing ratios up to 12 ppbv at these altitudes. Simultaneous measurements of N2O, O3, and H2O during these events suggest that large changes in NO(y) are not expected. The elevated NO(y) values are interpreted as a vertical redistribution of NO(y) in the lower stratosphere resulting from gravitational sedimentation of aerosol particles containing HNO3. No evidence of the redistribution of H2O is noted, consistent with observations of denitrification without dehydration higher in the stratosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 453-456
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