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Strawberry foliage headspace vapor components at periods of susceptibility and resistance toTetranychus urticae Koch (1988)

Hamilton-Kemp, T. R. ; Andersen, R. A. ; Rodriguez, J. G. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 789-796

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Fragaria ananassa ; two-spotted spider mite ; Tetranychus urticae ; Acari ; Tetranychidae ; headspace compounds ; methyl salicylate ; seasonal resistance

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Headspace components from strawberry foliage have been isolated by nitrogen entrainment and Tenax trapping. Traps were eluted with hexane, and components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified by comparison with authentic standards,trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol,trans-2-hexen-1-ol,cis-3-hexen-1-ol, hexyl acetate,cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, ethyl saiicylate, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol. The relative amounts of these components were compared at flowering and after fruit harvest when plants were more resistant to the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch. The predominant components,cis-3-hexen-1-ol and its acetate, did not change markedly between the sampling periods, but methyl salicylate increased approximately 10-fold after fruit harvest. Methyl salicylate at low concentrations under bioassay conditions did not affect mite behavior. The biosynthetic relationship of this compound to other phenols which have been implicated in plant resistance is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018773

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A regular boundary element method for fluid flow (1982)

Patterson, C. ; Sheikh, M. A.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 2 (1982), S. 239-251

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ISSN: 0271-2091

Keywords: Regular ; Discontinuous Boundary Elements ; Fluid Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: The Boundary Element Method is now well established as a valid numerical technique for the solution of field problems, equal to the Finite Element Method in generality and surpassing it in computational efficiency in some cases.1 In this paper is presented a 'Regular Boundary Element Method' as applied to inviscid laminar fluid flow problems. It involves the formation of a system of regular integral equations obtained by moving the singularity outside the domain of the given problem. It is also shown that non-conforming elements may be used whereby freedoms are not defined at the geometric nodes under the boundary element discretization. A linear element is developed here; higher order variants could easily be defined. Satisfactory numerical results have been obtained using the proposed regular method with both conventional (continuous across the boundary) and non-conforming boundary elements for two-dimensional inviscid laminar fluid flow problems having regular and singular solutions.

Additional Material: 14 Ill.