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  • Chemistry  (6)
  • Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics  (2)
  • Geomagnetics  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caesium diffusion in sodium borosilicate glass studied by low-energy ion scattering (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new, time-saving method to determine the diffusion coefficient of caesium in sodium borosilicate glass is presented. With low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) the diffusion coefficient of caesium in this glass, where the main components are the same as those in nuclear waste glass, is determined in a wide temperature range (723-849 K). Compared to the conventional concentration couple method where the diffusion has to be studied over large distances (105 nm), it is shown that by using LEIS accurate measurements can be performed when diffusion takes place over distances of the order of 10 nm. Diffusion coefficients for caesium as low as 2.6 × 10-22 m2 s-1 are extracted from the measurements. This is a factor of 106 smaller than that measured with the concentration couple method for the same system and more than a factor of 10 smaller than diffusion coefficients for caesium determined in nuclear waste glasses by other techniques. At high temperatures the results of the different methods are in absolute agreement.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740231010
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytical and electrochemical study of passive films formed on nickel - chromium alloys: Influence of the chromium bulk concentration (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 462-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Depth composition and chemical states of elements constituting the overlayers of Ni—xCr alloys (x = 0-30 at.%) passivated in borate buffer solutions (pH = 9.2) were determined as a function of the chromium bulk content of the alloy. Depth sputter profiling was performed using both Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS). Chemical bonding and (oxy-hydroxy) structures of alloying elements in the passive films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical study mainly consists in establishing the cathodic reduction kinetics of the passive layers to characterize the resistance of the internal Cr2O3 barrier to reduction.Very thin films (less than 2.5 nm) were obtained in those conditions showing duplex structures where minor external nickel oxy-hydroxide layers are depicted covering an inner protective barrier mainly composed of chromium oxide Cr2O3. Only at high bulk chromium contents (〉 15 at.%) are complete Cr2O3 layers built at the interface with the metallic alloy. Beneath the film, in the underlying matrix, a metallic nickel enrichment combined with a chromium depletion is observed, which seems to confirm, as for Fe—Cr alloys, a mechanism by which Cr oxidizes preferentially in this medium during the first steps of the film growth.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220198
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-sensitive luminescence of tris (β-diketone) europium chelates for monitoring high-speed cationic photopolymerizations (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1735-1744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: luminescence ; temperature ; tris(β-diketone) chelates ; europium ; vinyl ether ; cationic photopolymerization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The temperature-dependent luminescence of tris (β-diketone) chelates of europium was used for in situ temperature measurements during cationic photopolymerizations of vinyl ethers. These molecular-level luminescent probes provided a real-time, noninvasive method for monitoring temperature during these high-speed polymerizations. Two specific probes, tris (benzoyl-1, 1, 1-trifluoroacetone) europium and tris (1,1,1,5,5,5,-hexafluoroacetylacetone) europium, met several stringent spectral and performance requirements for application in our system. The luminescence from these probes exhibits a reproducible temperature dependence over a wide temperature range and is not sensitive to changes in viscosity. In situ temperature profiles obtained using this novel technique verified the importance of thermal effects during these highly exothermic photopolymerizations. These studies have demonstrated the utility of the tris(β-diketone) europium chelates for characterizing the temperature during high-speed photopolymerizations that cannot be monitored using conventional techniques. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080331021
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo wear of Ti6Al4V femoral heads: A retrieval study (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 32 (1996), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The surface characteristics of sixteen “monobloc” titanium-6% aluminum-4% vanadium (Ti6Al4V) femoral components (two of the 6-Ti-28 type and 14 of the 6-Ti-32 type) retrieved after periods of 78-131 months following loosening of the femoral component, as well as two unimplanted controls, were studied. The femoral heads were examined by a combination of noncontact light profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. No consistent correlations were found between classical surface roughness parameters (average, root mean square, peak-to-valley roughness, and radius of curvature) and any clinical parameter studied (patient gender, weight, and height; primary diagnosis; implantation time; or calculated force applied on the hip joint). This extensive quantitative topographic analysis suggests that wear mechanisms in vivo are complex and that wear of titanium alloy femoral heads is partly attributed to a combination of an imperfect nature of the surface before implantation, removal of the oxide layer causing abrasion of the alloy, subsequent deformation of the bearing surface including polishing, and, to a very small degree, patient parameters. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of bone cements containing large doses of antibiotic powders (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 10 (1976), S. 929-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The addition of up to 10 g gentamicin sulfate antibiotic powder to 60 g units of Simplex-P acrylic bone cement caused gradual, proportional decreases in the bulk mechanical properties of compressive and diametral tensile stengths. Water leaching of the antibiotic from the cement did not significantly decrease these strengths.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the antibiotic to reside in the acrylic matrix as discrete particles not usually associated with internal porosity. The surface-sensitive flexural strength of a proprietary bone cement was lowered immediately by small quantities of antibiotic powder, and continued to decrease as doses of up to 10 g/unit were admixed. Water leaching caused channeling as the antibiotic was removed from the surface, but it did not create further changes in flexural strength.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820100610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of sulfur cyanide trifluoride, SF3CN, sulfur dicyanide difluoride, SF2(CN)2, and sulfinyl cyanide fluoride, FS(O)CNDedicated to Professor Dietrich Mootz on his 60th Birthday. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1221-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: sulfur cyanides ; sulfur cyanide trifluoride ; sulfur dicyanide difluoride ; sulfinyl cyanide fluoride ; infrared ; Raman ; NMR ; uv ; mass spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Eigenschaften von Schwefelcyanidtrifluorid, SF3CN, Schwefeldicyaniddifluorid, SF2(CN)2, und Sulfinylcyanidfluorid, FS(O)CN.Schwefelcyanidtrifluorid, SF3CN, und Schwefeldicyaniddifluorid, SF2(CN)2, wurden hergestellt durch Methathese zwischen Schwefeltetrafluorid, SF4, und Trimethylsilylcyanid, (CH3)3SiCN, bei - 30°C. Die Umsetzung von SF3CN mit frisch sublimiertem Selendioxid, SeO2, führte zu Sulfinylcyanidfluorid. IR-, Raman, 19F-NMR-, UV und Massenspektren sowie einige physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften dieser neuen Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Sulfur cyanide trifluoride, SF3CN, and sulfur dicyanide difluoride, SF2(CN)2, have been prepared by metathesis between sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4, and trimethyl silyl cyanide, (CH3)3SiCN, at - 30°C. Treatment of SF3CN with freshly sublimed selenium dioxide, SeO2, lead to sulfinyl cyanide fluoride, FS(O)CN. IR, Raman, 19F-NMR, uv and mass spectra of the novel compounds are presented as well as some physical and chemical properties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190712
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  • 7
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    Geomagnetism (1987)
    Academic Press
    In:  London, Academic Press, vol. 558, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-9808493-1-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987
    Keywords: Textbook of geophysics ; Geomagnetics ; Applied geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 8
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    Geomagnetism, Vol. 4 (1991)
    Academic
    In:  San Diego, Calif., Academic, vol. 558, no. XVI:, pp. 1-14, (ISBN 3-9808493-1-7)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Geomagnetics ; Textbook of geophysics
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 9
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    An Experimental Investigation of Incompressible Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability occurs when two different density fluids are impulsively accelerated in the direction normal to their nearly planar interface. The instability causes small perturbations on the interface to grow and eventually become a turbulent flow. It is closely related to Rayleigh-Taylor instability, which is the instability of a planar interface undergoing constant acceleration, such as caused by the suspension of a heavy fluid over a lighter one in the earth's gravitational field. Like the well-known Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, RM instability is a fundamental hydrodynamic instability which exhibits many of the nonlinear complexities that transform simple initial conditions into a complex turbulent flow. Furthermore, the simplicity of RM instability (in that it requires very few defining parameters), and the fact that it can be generated in a closed container, makes it an excellent test bed to study nonlinear stability theory as well as turbulent transport in a heterogeneous system. However, the fact that RM instability involves fluids of unequal densities which experience negligible gravitational force, except during the impulsive acceleration, requires RM instability experiments to be carried out under conditions of microgravity. This experimental study investigates the instability of an interface between incompressible, miscible liquids with an initial sinusoidal perturbation. The impulsive acceleration is generated by bouncing a rectangular tank containing two different density liquids off a retractable vertical spring. The initial perturbation is produced prior to release by oscillating the tank in the horizontal direction to produce a standing wave. The instability evolves in microgravity as the tank travels up and then down the vertical rails of a drop tower until hitting a shock absorber at the bottom. Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) is employed to visualize the flow. PLIF images are captured by a video camera that travels with the tank. Figure 1 is as sequence of images showing the development of the instability from the initial sinusoidal disturbance far into the nonlinear regime which is characterized by the appearance of mushroom structures resulting from the coalescence of baroclinic vorticity produced by the impulsive acceleration. At later times in this sequence the vortex cores are observed to become unstable showing the beginnings of the transition to turbulence in this flow. The amplitude of the growing disturbance after the impulsive acceleration is measured and found to agree well with theoretical predictions. The effects of Reynolds number (based on circulation) on the development of the vortices and the transition to turbulence are also determined.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: Sixth Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference; Volume 1; 919-937; NASA/CP-2002-211212/VOL1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Experiments on the Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability of Incompressible Fluids (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Richtmyer-Meshkov (R-M) instability occurs when two different density fluids are impulsively accelerated in the direction normal to their nearly planar interface. The instability causes small perturbations on the interface to grow and possibly become turbulent given the proper initial conditions. R-M instability is similar to the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability, which is generated when the two fluids undergo a constant acceleration. R-M instability is a fundamental fluid instability that is important to fields ranging from astrophysics to high-speed combustion. For example, R-M instability is currently the limiting factor in achieving a net positive yield with inertial confinement fusion. The experiments described here utilize a novel technique that circumvents many of the experimental difficulties previously limiting the study of the R-M instability. A Plexiglas tank contains two unequal density liquids and is gently oscillated horizontally to produce a controlled initial fluid interface shape. The tank is mounted to a sled on a high speed, low friction linear rail system, constraining the main motion to the vertical direction. The sled is released from an initial height and falls vertically until it bounces off of a movable spring, imparting an impulsive acceleration in the upward direction. As the sled travels up and down the rails, the spring retracts out of the way, allowing the instability to evolve in free-fall until impacting a shock absorber at the end of the rails. The impulsive acceleration provided to the system is measured by a piezoelectric accelerometer mounted on the tank, and a capacitive accelerometer measures the low-level drag of the bearings. Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence is used for flow visualization, which uses an Argon ion laser to illuminate the flow and a CCD camera, mounted to the sled, to capture images of the interface. This experimental study investigates the instability of an interface between incompressible, miscible liquids with an initial sinusoidal perturbation. The amplitude of the disturbance during the experiment is measured and compared to theory. The results show good agreement (within 10%) with linear stability theory up to nondimensional amplitude ka = 0.7 (wavenumber x amplitude). These results hold true for an initial ka (before acceleration) of -0.7 less than ka less than -0.06, while the linear theory was developed for absolute value of ka much less than 1. In addition, a third order weakly nonlinear perturbation theory is shown to be accurate for amplitudes as large as ka = 1.3, even though the interface becomes double-valued at ka = 1.1. As time progresses, the vorticity on the interface concentrates, and the interface spirals around the alternating sign vortex centers to form a mushroom pattern. At higher Reynolds Number (based on circulation), an instability of the vortex cores has been observed. While time limitations of the apparatus prevent determination of a critical Reynolds Number, the lowest Reynolds Number this vortex instability has been observed at is 5000.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: Proceedings of the Fifth Microgravity Fluid Physics and Transport Phenomena Conference; 1289-1291
    Format: text
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