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  • 1
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    Common variants spanning PLK4 are associated with mitotic-origin aneuploidy in human embryos (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Aneuploidy, the inheritance of an atypical chromosome complement, is common in early human development and is the primary cause of pregnancy loss. By screening day-3 embryos during in vitro fertilization cycles, we identified an association between aneuploidy of putative mitotic origin and linked genetic variants on chromosome 4 of maternal genomes. This associated region contains a candidate gene, Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), that plays a well-characterized role in centriole duplication and has the ability to alter mitotic fidelity upon minor dysregulation. Mothers with the high-risk genotypes contributed fewer embryos for testing at day 5, suggesting that their embryos are less likely to survive to blastocyst formation. The associated region coincides with a signature of a selective sweep in ancient humans, suggesting that the causal variant was either the target of selection or hitchhiked to substantial frequency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCoy, Rajiv C -- Demko, Zachary -- Ryan, Allison -- Banjevic, Milena -- Hill, Matthew -- Sigurjonsson, Styrmir -- Rabinowitz, Matthew -- Fraser, Hunter B -- Petrov, Dmitri A -- R01 GM089926/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100366/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):235-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3337.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Natera, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Aneuploidy ; Blastomeres ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Embryonic Development ; Fathers ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Testing ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; *Mitosis ; Mothers ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Trophoblasts
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Experimental and Computational Analysis of Unidirectional Flow Through Stirling Engine Heater Head (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A high efficiency Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG) is being developed for possible use in long-duration space science missions. NASA s advanced technology goals for next generation Stirling convertors include increasing the Carnot efficiency and percent of Carnot efficiency. To help achieve these goals, a multi-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code is being developed to numerically model unsteady fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena of the oscillating working gas inside Stirling convertors. In the absence of transient pressure drop data for the zero mean oscillating multi-dimensional flows present in the Technology Demonstration Convertors on test at NASA Glenn Research Center, unidirectional flow pressure drop test data is used to compare against 2D and 3D computational solutions. This study focuses on tracking pressure drop and mass flow rate data for unidirectional flow though a Stirling heater head using a commercial CFD code (CFD-ACE). The commercial CFD code uses a porous-media model which is dependent on permeability and the inertial coefficient present in the linear and nonlinear terms of the Darcy-Forchheimer equation. Permeability and inertial coefficient were calculated from unidirectional flow test data. CFD simulations of the unidirectional flow test were validated using the porous-media model input parameters which increased simulation accuracy by 14 percent on average.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: NASA/TM-2006-214246 , AIAA Paper 2005-5539 , E-15491 , Third International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 15, 2005 - Aug 18, 2005; San Francisco, CA; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Stirling Analysis Comparison of Commercial vs. High-Order Methods (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Recently, three-dimensional Stirling engine simulations have been accomplished utilizing commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics software. The validations reported can be somewhat inconclusive due to the lack of precise time accurate experimental results from engines, export control/ proprietary concerns, and the lack of variation in the methods utilized. The last issue may be addressed by solving the same flow problem with alternate methods. In this work, a comprehensive examination of the methods utilized in the commercial codes is compared with more recently developed high-order methods. Specifically, Lele's Compact scheme and Dyson s Ultra Hi-Fi method will be compared with the SIMPLE and PISO methods currently employed in CFD-ACE, FLUENT, CFX, and STAR-CD (all commercial codes which can in theory solve a three-dimensional Stirling model although sliding interfaces and their moving grids limit the effective time accuracy). We will initially look at one-dimensional flows since the current standard practice is to design and optimize Stirling engines with empirically corrected friction and heat transfer coefficients in an overall one-dimensional model. This comparison provides an idea of the range in which commercial CFD software for modeling Stirling engines may be expected to provide accurate results. In addition, this work provides a framework for improving current one-dimensional analysis codes.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    On the Need for Multidimensional Stirling Analysis (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Contents include the following: Dual opposed convertors. High efficiency. Low mass space power. One-dimensional analysis. Fast computation. Design optimizations are easily done. Need for multidimensional modeling. Axisymmetric simulation. Flow characteristics. Low mach number. Laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow. Conjugate heat transfer. Third order analysis. Recent whole engine modeling. Regenerator geometry. Turbulence modeling. Flat head heater not 1-D. Empirical coefficients needed. Experiment design. Flow distribution. Sensor placement. Calibration. Validation.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: 3rd Internationla Energey Conversion Engineering Conference; Aug 15, 2005 - Aug 18, 2005; San Franciso, CA; United States
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  • 5
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    Stirling Analysis Comparison of Commercial VS. High-Order Methods (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The conclusions are: Low Reynold s number, wall bounded flow allows economical use of large eddy simulation for turbulent transition modeling. UHF and Compact comparable at conjugate heat transfer. UHF much better for turbulence modeling Modern methods much more efficient than those currently available commercially.
    Keywords: Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics
    Type: 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC)/ American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA); Aug 15, 2005 - Aug 18, 2005; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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