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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1988-12-09
    Description: Retinal cells have been induced to project into the medial geniculate nucleus, the principal auditory thalamic nucleus, in newborn ferrets by reduction of targets of retinal axons in one hemisphere and creation of alternative terminal space for these fibers in the auditory thalamus. Many cells in the medial geniculate nucleus are then visually driven, have large receptive fields, and receive input from retinal ganglion cells with small somata and slow conduction velocities. Visual cells with long conduction latencies and large contralateral receptive fields can also be recorded in primary auditory cortex. Some visual cells in auditory cortex are direction selective or have oriented receptive fields that resemble those of complex cells in primary visual cortex. Thus, functional visual projections can be routed into nonvisual structures in higher mammals, suggesting that the modality of a sensory thalamic nucleus or cortical area may be specified by its inputs during development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sur, M -- Garraghty, P E -- Roe, A W -- EY07023/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY07719/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1988 Dec 9;242(4884):1437-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2462279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; Axonal Transport ; Ferrets ; Geniculate Bodies/physiology ; Reference Values ; Retina/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/physiology ; Thalamic Nuclei/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; Visual Pathways/*physiology ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Maps of sensory surfaces are a fundamental feature of sensory cortical areas of the brain. The relative roles of afferents and targets in forming neocortical maps in higher mammals can be examined in ferrets in which retinal inputs are directed into the auditory pathway. In these animals, the primary auditory cortex contains a systematic representation of the retina (and of visual space) rather than a representation of the cochlea (and of sound frequency). A representation of a two-dimensional sensory epithelium, the retina, in cortex that normally represents a one-dimensional epithelium, the cochlea, suggests that the same cortical area can support different types of maps. Topography in the visual map arises both from thalamocortical projections that are characteristic of the auditory pathway and from patterns of retinal activity that provide the input to the map.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roe, A W -- Pallas, S L -- Hahm, J O -- Sur, M -- EY07719/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Electrophysiology ; Ferrets ; Retina/*physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: Astrocytes have long been thought to act as a support network for neurons, with little role in information representation or processing. We used two-photon imaging of calcium signals in the ferret visual cortex in vivo to discover that astrocytes, like neurons, respond to visual stimuli, with distinct spatial receptive fields and sharp tuning to visual stimulus features including orientation and spatial frequency. The stimulus-feature preferences of astrocytes were exquisitely mapped across the cortical surface, in close register with neuronal maps. The spatially restricted stimulus-specific component of the intrinsic hemodynamic mapping signal was highly sensitive to astrocyte activation, indicating that astrocytes have a key role in coupling neuronal organization to mapping signals critical for noninvasive brain imaging. Furthermore, blocking astrocyte glutamate transporters influenced the magnitude and duration of adjacent visually driven neuronal responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schummers, James -- Yu, Hongbo -- Sur, Mriganka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1638-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1156120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Blood Volume ; Brain Mapping ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Photic Stimulation ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/blood supply/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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