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  • 1
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    Convergent evolution of chicken Z and human X chromosomes by expansion and gene acquisition (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-14
    Description: In birds, as in mammals, one pair of chromosomes differs between the sexes. In birds, males are ZZ and females ZW. In mammals, males are XY and females XX. Like the mammalian XY pair, the avian ZW pair is believed to have evolved from autosomes, with most change occurring in the chromosomes found in only one sex--the W and Y chromosomes. By contrast, the sex chromosomes found in both sexes--the Z and X chromosomes--are assumed to have diverged little from their autosomal progenitors. Here we report findings that challenge this assumption for both the chicken Z chromosome and the human X chromosome. The chicken Z chromosome, which we sequenced essentially to completion, is less gene-dense than chicken autosomes but contains a massive tandem array containing hundreds of duplicated genes expressed in testes. A comprehensive comparison of the chicken Z chromosome with the finished sequence of the human X chromosome demonstrates that each evolved independently from different portions of the ancestral genome. Despite this independence, the chicken Z and human X chromosomes share features that distinguish them from autosomes: the acquisition and amplification of testis-expressed genes, and a low gene density resulting from an expansion of intergenic regions. These features were not present on the autosomes from which the Z and X chromosomes originated but were instead acquired during the evolution of Z and X as sex chromosomes. We conclude that the avian Z and mammalian X chromosomes followed convergent evolutionary trajectories, despite their evolving with opposite (female versus male) systems of heterogamety. More broadly, in birds and mammals, sex chromosome evolution involved not only gene loss in sex-specific chromosomes, but also marked expansion and gene acquisition in sex chromosomes common to males and females.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943333/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2943333/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellott, Daniel W -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Graves, Tina -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Brown, Laura G -- Rozen, Steve -- Warren, Wesley C -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- R01 HG000257/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000257-21/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):612-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09172. Epub 2010 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20622855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, X/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genes/*genetics ; Genome/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Testis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: We present a draft genome sequence of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus. This monotreme exhibits a fascinating combination of reptilian and mammalian characters. For example, platypuses have a coat of fur adapted to an aquatic lifestyle; platypus females lactate, yet lay eggs; and males are equipped with venom similar to that of reptiles. Analysis of the first monotreme genome aligned these features with genetic innovations. We find that reptile and platypus venom proteins have been co-opted independently from the same gene families; milk protein genes are conserved despite platypuses laying eggs; and immune gene family expansions are directly related to platypus biology. Expansions of protein, non-protein-coding RNA and microRNA families, as well as repeat elements, are identified. Sequencing of this genome now provides a valuable resource for deep mammalian comparative analyses, as well as for monotreme biology and conservation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2803040/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Marshall Graves, Jennifer A -- Birney, Ewan -- Ponting, Chris P -- Grutzner, Frank -- Belov, Katherine -- Miller, Webb -- Clarke, Laura -- Chinwalla, Asif T -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Heger, Andreas -- Locke, Devin P -- Miethke, Pat -- Waters, Paul D -- Veyrunes, Frederic -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Fulton, Bob -- Graves, Tina -- Wallis, John -- Puente, Xose S -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Ordonez, Gonzalo R -- Eichler, Evan E -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Deakin, Janine E -- Alsop, Amber -- Thompson, Katherine -- Kirby, Patrick -- Papenfuss, Anthony T -- Wakefield, Matthew J -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Huttley, Gavin A -- Smit, Arian F A -- Pask, Andrew -- Temple-Smith, Peter -- Batzer, Mark A -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Harris, Robert S -- Whittington, Camilla M -- Wong, Emily S W -- Gemmell, Neil J -- Buschiazzo, Emmanuel -- Vargas Jentzsch, Iris M -- Merkel, Angelika -- Schmitz, Juergen -- Zemann, Anja -- Churakov, Gennady -- Kriegs, Jan Ole -- Brosius, Juergen -- Murchison, Elizabeth P -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Smith, Carly -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal -- McMillan, Daniel -- Attenborough, Rosalind -- Rens, Willem -- Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm -- Lefevre, Christophe M -- Sharp, Julie A -- Nicholas, Kevin R -- Ray, David A -- Kube, Michael -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Pringle, Thomas H -- Taylor, James -- Jones, Russell C -- Nixon, Brett -- Dacheux, Jean-Louis -- Niwa, Hitoshi -- Sekita, Yoko -- Huang, Xiaoqiu -- Stark, Alexander -- Kheradpour, Pouya -- Kellis, Manolis -- Flicek, Paul -- Chen, Yuan -- Webber, Caleb -- Hardison, Ross -- Nelson, Joanne -- Hallsworth-Pepin, Kym -- Delehaunty, Kim -- Markovic, Chris -- Minx, Pat -- Feng, Yucheng -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Mitreva, Makedonka -- Glasscock, Jarret -- Wylie, Todd -- Wohldmann, Patricia -- Thiru, Prathapan -- Nhan, Michael N -- Pohl, Craig S -- Smith, Scott M -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Nefedov, Mikhail -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Renfree, Marilyn B -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- 062023/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG002238/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 May 8;453(7192):175-83. doi: 10.1038/nature06936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18464734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Dentition ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Milk Proteins/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Platypus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; Reptiles/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Venoms/genetics ; Zona Pellucida/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ordinary pair of autosomes, but millions of years ago genetic decay ravaged the Y chromosome, and only three per cent of its ancestral genes survived. We reconstructed the evolution of the Y chromosome across eight mammals to identify biases in gene content and the selective pressures that preserved the surviving ancestral genes. Our findings indicate that survival was nonrandom, and in two cases, convergent across placental and marsupial mammals. We conclude that the gene content of the Y chromosome became specialized through selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X-Y gene pairs that function as broadly expressed regulators of transcription, translation and protein stability. We propose that beyond its roles in testis determination and spermatogenesis, the Y chromosome is essential for male viability, and has unappreciated roles in Turner's syndrome and in phenotypic differences between the sexes in health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellott, Daniel W -- Hughes, Jennifer F -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Brown, Laura G -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Cho, Ting-Jan -- Koutseva, Natalia -- Zaghlul, Sara -- Graves, Tina -- Rock, Susie -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Fulton, Robert S -- Dugan, Shannon -- Ding, Yan -- Morton, Donna -- Khan, Ziad -- Lewis, Lora -- Buhay, Christian -- Wang, Qiaoyan -- Watt, Jennifer -- Holder, Michael -- Lee, Sandy -- Nazareth, Lynne -- Alfoldi, Jessica -- Rozen, Steve -- Muzny, Donna M -- Warren, Wesley C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):494-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, & Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. ; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Disease ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Marsupialia/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Stability ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Sex Characteristics ; Spermatogenesis/genetics ; Testis/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Turner Syndrome/genetics ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    The genome of a songbird (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: The zebra finch is an important model organism in several fields with unique relevance to human neuroscience. Like other songbirds, the zebra finch communicates through learned vocalizations, an ability otherwise documented only in humans and a few other animals and lacking in the chicken-the only bird with a sequenced genome until now. Here we present a structural, functional and comparative analysis of the genome sequence of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), which is a songbird belonging to the large avian order Passeriformes. We find that the overall structures of the genomes are similar in zebra finch and chicken, but they differ in many intrachromosomal rearrangements, lineage-specific gene family expansions, the number of long-terminal-repeat-based retrotransposons, and mechanisms of sex chromosome dosage compensation. We show that song behaviour engages gene regulatory networks in the zebra finch brain, altering the expression of long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, transcription factors and their targets. We also show evidence for rapid molecular evolution in the songbird lineage of genes that are regulated during song experience. These results indicate an active involvement of the genome in neural processes underlying vocal communication and identify potential genetic substrates for the evolution and regulation of this behaviour.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187626/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187626/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Warren, Wesley C -- Clayton, David F -- Ellegren, Hans -- Arnold, Arthur P -- Hillier, Ladeana W -- Kunstner, Axel -- Searle, Steve -- White, Simon -- Vilella, Albert J -- Fairley, Susan -- Heger, Andreas -- Kong, Lesheng -- Ponting, Chris P -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Mello, Claudio V -- Minx, Pat -- Lovell, Peter -- Velho, Tarciso A F -- Ferris, Margaret -- Balakrishnan, Christopher N -- Sinha, Saurabh -- Blatti, Charles -- London, Sarah E -- Li, Yun -- Lin, Ya-Chi -- George, Julia -- Sweedler, Jonathan -- Southey, Bruce -- Gunaratne, Preethi -- Watson, Michael -- Nam, Kiwoong -- Backstrom, Niclas -- Smeds, Linnea -- Nabholz, Benoit -- Itoh, Yuichiro -- Whitney, Osceola -- Pfenning, Andreas R -- Howard, Jason -- Volker, Martin -- Skinner, Bejamin M -- Griffin, Darren K -- Ye, Liang -- McLaren, William M -- Flicek, Paul -- Quesada, Victor -- Velasco, Gloria -- Lopez-Otin, Carlos -- Puente, Xose S -- Olender, Tsviya -- Lancet, Doron -- Smit, Arian F A -- Hubley, Robert -- Konkel, Miriam K -- Walker, Jerilyn A -- Batzer, Mark A -- Gu, Wanjun -- Pollock, David D -- Chen, Lin -- Cheng, Ze -- Eichler, Evan E -- Stapley, Jessica -- Slate, Jon -- Ekblom, Robert -- Birkhead, Tim -- Burke, Terry -- Burt, David -- Scharff, Constance -- Adam, Iris -- Richard, Hugues -- Sultan, Marc -- Soldatov, Alexey -- Lehrach, Hans -- Edwards, Scott V -- Yang, Shiaw-Pyng -- Li, Xiaoching -- Graves, Tina -- Fulton, Lucinda -- Nelson, Joanne -- Chinwalla, Asif -- Hou, Shunfeng -- Mardis, Elaine R -- Wilson, Richard K -- BB/D013704/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/E010652/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F007590/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBE0175091/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BBS/E/I/00001425/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U137761446/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DA018310/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC007218/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002939/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045264/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS051820/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):757-62. doi: 10.1038/nature08819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8501, 4444 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. wwarren@watson.wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/genetics ; Brain/physiology ; Chickens/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Finches/*genetics/physiology ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Male ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; Models, Animal ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Retroelements/genetics ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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