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  • 1
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    Phase advance of the circadian sleep-wake cycle as an antidepressant (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: Sleep in depressed patients resembles sleep in normal subjects whose circadian rhythms of temperature and rapid-eye-movement sleep are phase-advanced (shifted earlier) relative to their sleep schedules. If this analogy is relevant to the pathophysiology of depressive illness, advancing the time of sleep and awakening should temporarily compensate for the abnormal timing of depressed patients' circadian rhythms. Four of seven manic-depressive patients studied longitudinally spontaneously advanced their times of awakening (activity onset) as they emerged from the depressive phase of their illness. In a phase-shift experiment, a depressed manic-depressive woman was twice brought out of depression for 2 weeks by advancing her sleep period so that she went to sleep and arose 6 hours earlier than usual. The antidepressant effect of the procedure was temporary and similar in duration to circadian desynchronization induced by jet lag in healthy subjects. This result supports the hypothesis that abnormalities of sleep patterns in some types of depression are due to abnormal internal phase relationships of circadian rhythms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wehr, T A -- Wirz-Justice, A -- Goodwin, F K -- Duncan, W -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):710-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/227056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bipolar Disorder/*physiopathology/therapy ; Body Temperature Regulation ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Faster cholinergic REM sleep induction in euthymic patients with primary affective illness (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-04-11
    Description: Arecoline, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist, induced rapid eye movement sleep significantly more rapidly in patients with primary affective illness in remission than in normal control subjects matched for age and sex. These results, and others, suggest that patients with primary affective illness may have a supersensitive cholinergic system both when they are ill and when their symptoms are in clinical remission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sitaram, N -- Nurnberger, J I Jr -- Gershon, E S -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):200-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Affective Symptoms/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Arecoline/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology ; Sleep, REM/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Human serial learning: enhancement with arecholine and choline impairment with scopolamine (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-07-21
    Description: Arecholine (4 milligrams), a cholinergic agonist, and choline (10 grams), a precursor of acetylcholine, significantly enhanced serial learning in normal human subjects. The subjects received methscopolamine prior to both arecholine and placebo injections. Conversely, scopolamine (0.5 milligram), a cholinergic antagonist, impaired learning and this impairment was reversed by arecholine and choline and the impairment after scopolamine were inversely proportional to the subject's performance on placebo; that is, "poor" performers were more vulnerable to both the enhancing effect of cholinergic agonist and precursor and the impairment after cholinergic antagonist than "good" performers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sitaram, N -- Weingartner, H -- Gillin, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):274-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/351808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/physiology ; Adult ; Arecoline/*pharmacology ; Choline/*pharmacology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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