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  • National Institutes of Health (U.S.)  (81)
  • Female  (72)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (54)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development and structure of the eyes, ocelli, of the female black scale, Saissetia oleae bernI desire to thank Prof. H. J. Quayle, of the University of California, for his kindness in sending me both preserved and living material of the black seale. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 571-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The female black scale possesses a pair of lateral ocelli. Each develops as a small disc of enlarged hypodermal cells which increases in size and invaginates. The disc finally becomes cut off from the hypodermis to form a vesicle lying between the regular hypodermis and the lateral margin of the brain. The vesicle becomes differentiated into two parts. The outer group of cells forms the vitreous body, the inner group gives rise to the retina. The vitreous body soon begins to secrete the lens which, during embryonic life, becomes biconvex. Pigment granules form only in the retinal cells; at first yellow, later black. The ocellus of the first instar is similar to that of the embryo. During first and second ecdyses the old lens is cast off and a new one secreted by the vitreous body. A large, irregularly shaped crystalline body forms between the vitreous body and the retina. The ocellus is of four parts: lens, vitreous body, crystallin body and retina. Retinal cells are at first nucleated but the nuclei probably pass to the nerve fibers each one of which is connected to a retinal cell. The ocellus does not change in structure throughout the life of the insect but finally disintegrates. The disintegration begins on the inner surface of the lens. Ocelli developed in the embryo remain unchanged throughout the insect's life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical studies on the distribution of cellular myosin II isoforms in brain and aorta (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 22 (1992), S. 281-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nonmuscle myosin ; antibodies ; neurons ; blood vessels ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of nonmuscle myosin isoforms in brain and aorta was studied by using polyclonal antibodies against two synthetic peptides selected from a region near the carboxyl terminus of bovine brain (peptide IIB) and human macrophage (peptide IIA) myosin. Immunoblots of brain homogenates and purified myosin showed two major bands stained by anti-peptide IIB (MIIB1 and MIIB2) and a minor band stained by anti-peptide IIA (MIIA2). Polyclonal anti-human platelet myosin antibodies did not react with MIIB isoforms. In cryosections from bovine, rat, and mouse brains, anti-peptide IIB stained most neuronal cells. In bovine cryosections, glial staining was also observed. In contrast, anti-peptide IIA and anti-platelet myosin antibodies primarily stained blood vessels. In bovine aorta, the anti-peptide antibodies recognized four bands, MIIB3, MIIB4, MIIA1, and MIIA2. Only MIIA2 was recognized by anti-human platelet myosin antibodies. In bovine aorta cryosections, anti-peptide IIB stained smooth muscle cells in tunica intima and tunica media but did not stain endothelial cells. Anti-peptide IIA stained smooth muscle cells in the tunica media, and endothelial cells of vaso vasorum but not of aorta. Only polyclonal anti-platelet myosin antibodies stained the endothelial cells of aorta tunica intima. These results indicate that multiple isoforms of cellular myosins exist in mammals, that these isoforms are expressed in a cell specific manner, and that the major myosin isoforms isolated from whole brain originate from neurons and, at least in bovine brain, from glia, but not from blood vessels. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970220408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diacylglycerol and calcium induce rapid enhancement of A-system amino acid transport by independent mechanisms in human T-lymphocytes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 141 (1989), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sn-1,2-diacylglycerols (DAG) and ionized-free calcium can act as intracellular second messengers for cell activation. Traditionally, T-lymphocyte activation is assessed by measurements of DNA synthesis or lymphokine production, but these responses require several days to occur and involve multiple intermediary regulatory steps. In contrast, we have found that T-lymphocytes demonstrate rapid enhancement of A-(alanine-favoring) system amino acid uptake when treated with DAG or ionomycin. A 30-40% increase in the initial velocity of uptake (vi) of the synthetic A-system specific amino acid, methylamino-isobutyric acid (MeAIB), was measured following 5 min of exposure to DAG or ionomycin. The vi was enhanced 60% from 12 to 19 μmol/liter cell water per min after 30 min exposure of T-cells to optimal concentrations of dioctanoylglycerol (30 μM), oleoylacetylglycerol (30 μM), or ionomycin (5 μM) (P 〈 .01 for each agent). A 50-fold excess of non-radioactive MeAIB inhibited 80% of [14C]MeAIB uptake in both unstimulated and stimulated cells, indicating that uptake remained largely carrier-mediated on treatment with these agents. Cycloheximide, 100 μg/ml, inhibited protein synthesis but did not block the A-system amino acid transport enhancement induced by DAG or ionomycin. The DAG-induced increase in the vi was blocked 40% with 100 μM H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. H-7 treatment did not inhibit the ionomycin-induced A-system enhancement. A marked increase in cytoplasmic free calcium was measured when T-lymphocytes were exposed to ionomycin but not on DAG exposure, and the A-system effect of ionomycin but not DAG was blocked by extracellular EGTA. These data are compatible with two pathways for rapid enhancement of A-system amino acid uptake in T-lymphocytes. DAG stimulation is mediated via protein kinase C whereas ionomycin produces an A-system effect of similar magnitude independent of protein kinase C by an increase in cytoplasmic calcium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041410106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary studies on phospholipase A2-induced mouse paw edema as a model to evaluate antiinflammatory agents (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 40 (1989), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: platelet-activating factor ; prostaglandins ; D-49 snake venom PLA2 ; inflammation ; leukotrienes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key component of the inflammatory process because of its role in the generation of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Manipulation of PLA2 activity offers a novel therapeutic approach for the development of antiinflammatory agents; however, there is a need for a suitable in vivo model. Injection of 1 μg of snake venom PLA2 (A. piscivorus piscivorus, D-49) into the mouse hind footpad produced a significant three- to four-fold rise in paw edema within 10 min, compared to the saline control. Edema formation depended on enzyme concentration and appeared specific for PLA2 since edema was negated by enzyme pretreatment with p-bromophenacyl bromide, a nonspecific PLA2 inhibitor. Moreover, injection of a protein such as bovine serum albumin did not result in significant edema. Coinjection of phenidone (lipoxygenase inhibitor, 50 μg), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 50 μg), cyproheptadine (antihistamine/antiserotonin, 50 μg), aristolochic acid (putative PLA2 inhibitor, 100 μg), or kadsurenone (PAF antagonist, 50μg) with PLA2 (1 μg/paw) resulted in partial reduction (44.5, 34.2, 54.7, 64, and 50% inhibition, respectively) of edema formation. Oral administration of cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), BW 755c (100 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) 1-3 h before challenge also decreased PLA2-induced edema (63.0, 30.1, 47.8, or 62.5% inhibition, respectively). The data suggest that mouse paw edema resulting from PLA2 injection is a multicomponent event, influenced by both autacoids and lipid mediators of inflammation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240400203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examination of p53 alterations and cytokeratin expression in sputa collected from patients prior to histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cytokeratins ; lung cancer ; p53 overexpression ; sputum ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutations in the p53 gene are detected in greater than 50% of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and to a lesser extent in adenocarcinomas. The p53 protein is also overexpressed in a relatively high percentage of preinvasive lesions of the bronchial epithelium. However, unlike tumor tissue, immunoreactivity does not necessarily imply that cells in preinvasive lesions carry a mutant p53 allele. In some cases, overexpression may result from a cellular checkpoint reaction to a toxic or mutagenic substance such as exposure to tobacco smoke. In any case, p53 overexpression in preinvasive lesions may serve as a biomarker for high risk assessment of lung cancer and other tumors in the aerodigestive tract. A study was designed to retrospectively analyze p53 overexpression in cells from sputum samples collected prior to histological tumor diagnosis. The rationale was based on the observation that both preinvasive and tumor cells from the bronchial epithelium are exfoliated into the airways and can be detected based on morphology in sputa. Two sets of cases were chosen: 1) patients whose first primary tumor was a squamous cell carcinoma containing a mutant p53 allele with overexpression observed in most of the tumor cells; and 2) patients whose squamous cell tumor did not contain a mutant p53 allele. Cells which stained positive for p53 expression were observed in sputum samples collected from all six patients whose tumors were positive for a mutant p53 allele. Also p53 positive cells were detected on sputum slides for two of the five cases where the tumor DNA did not contain a mutation and/or tumor cells which overexpress p53 were not detected in tissue sections. Although cells which stained positive for p53 were present in sputum from patients whose tumors contained a missense mutation, the presence of p53 overexpression was not specific for tumors which contain an altered p53 allele since overexpression was detected in sputum cells from patients whose tumor DNA did not contain a p53 mutation and/or tumor cells which stained positive for p53 were not observed in tissue sections. However, the p53 positive cells in sputa collected from the latter group of patients could have been exfoliated from other lesions which contained a mutant p53 allele. The accumulation of p53 in some sputum cells was concomitant with expression of simple epithelial type cytokeratins (CK) 8 and 18 or at least one of the other cytokeratins detected by a broad spectrum (PAN) CK antibody mixture. These data imply that most of the sputum cells which overexpress p53 are epithelial cells. Moreover, our results are consistent, at least in part, with other observations that cells which overexpress p53 in dyplasias and hyperplasias express CK 8, 18. We will continue to explore the possibility that expression of cytokeratins 8, 18 and/or other cytokeratins in conjunction with p53 overexpression and/or morphological criteria could define a new class of atypical cells which are predisposed to cancer development. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:185-190. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone morphogenetic protein inhibits differentiation and affects expression of helix-loop-helix regulatory molecules in myoblastic cells (1993)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: bone morphogenetic protein ; helix-loop-helix molecules ; myogenin ; Myo D ; herculin ; myf-5 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) reproducibly induces chondrogenesis and osteogenesis when implanted into skeletal muscle. The exact identity of the cell that responds to BMP is not known. Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the possibility that myoblastic cells may transdifferentiate to chondrocytes and osteoblasts under the influence of BMP. We have therefore, undertaken studies on the effects of BMP on differentiation in L6 and C2C12 cells, two rodent myoblastic cell lines. To gain insights into the mechanisms of action of BMP, we have studied the effects of BMP on the levels of expression of the four known myogenic determination genes: myogenin, Myo D, herculin, and myf-5. BMP inhibited myogenesis in myoblastic cells. Convincing evidence of transdifferentiation of myoblasts to chondrocytes or osteoblasts was not seen. BMP inhibited the expression of all four myogenic determination genes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240530107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic markers for early detection of lung cancer and outcome measures for response to chemoprevention (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 64-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: lung cancer ; chemoprevention ; genetic alterations ; sputum cytology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. The high mortality rate for lung cancer probably results, at least in part, from the absence of standard clinical procedures for diagnosis of the disease at early and more treatable stages compared to breast, prostate, and colon cancers. The delineation of genetic alterations that occur in lung tumorigenesis may aid in both developing molecular markers for early detection and predicting of response to chemoprevention/chemotherapy. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies have shown that mutations in protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) are critical in the multi-step development and progression of lung tumors. Inactivation of TSGs are by far the most common mutational events documented during the development of lung cancer. For example, loss of function of the Rb and/or p53 genes has been detected in both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, allelic loss analyses have implicated the existence of other tumor suppressor gene loci on 9p as well as on 3p, 5q, 8p, 9q, 11p, 11q, and 17q. We examined the short arm of chromosomes 3 and 9 for TSG loci by analyzing 23 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung with numerous microsatellite markers. On chromosome 9p, loss of heterozygosity was detected in all of the 23 tumors and homozygous deletions of the p16/CDKN2 locus were detected in 6 of the 23 (26%) tumors. In addition, a novel region of homozygous deletion was detected in 6 of the tumors (26%) at D9S126. The homozygous deletion of D9S126 was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of tumor tissue touch preparations and isolated nuclei using P1 and cosmid probes that contain D9S126. Only one tumor harbored a homozygous deletion at both the p16/CDKN2 locus and the D9S126 locus. The data identify a region of homozygous loss on the short arm of chromosome 9, suggesting the presence of a novel TSG locus approximately 2.5 cM proximal to p16/CDKN2. On chromosome 3p, a similar high percentage of the tumors exhibited loss of heterozygosity. Also, homozygous deletions were detected in several tumors at 3p21.3. Thus, FISH analysis with probes containing the D9S126 or p16 locus could be used as molecular markers to assay sputum samples for premalignant cells exfoliated from the bronchial epithelium. Probes from other chromosome regions such as 3p21 could be used in a similar manner. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 28/29:64-73. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A list of fossil and extant dipnoans (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 15-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The six known extant species of lungfish, their familial designation, and continental distribution are listed. A second list includes 55 genera and 112 species described from the fossil record, their age, geographical distribution, a brief description of the material preserved, and literature sources. The second list includes two monotypic genera thought to have dipnoan affinities. Although the list of fossil material does not include all genera and species described, it does include all the better preserved taxa. Some of the important features of the fossil record of the Dipnoi are summarized.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lungfish: Phylogeny and parsimony (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 151-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Miles ('77) has produced the only comprehensive cladistic analysis of the Dipnoi. His phylogeny involves both definitely and uncertainly placed genera. An analysis of the data for the definitely placed genera, using a Wagner routine, showed that his phylogeny is similar to two of eight equally parsimonious cladograms. Analysis of the data for all the genera of Miles's phylogeny produced sixteen equally parsimonious cladograms. They have a wide range of topologies, none of which corresponds to Miles's phylogeny. It is shown that Miles employed some character weighting to obtain his phylogeny. A cladogram is presented based on Campbell and Barwick's ('83, '84) study of early dipnoan dentitions. The phylogenetic conclusions drawn from Campbell and Barwick's work are dependent on stratigraphic and functional data. The resulting cladogram differs from all the trees produced by the re-analysis of Miles's complete phylogeny; it is less parsimonious and requires that the type of dentition consisting of a shagreen of small denticles that are shed during growth is an advanced dipnoan feature rather than a primitive one. Campbell and Barwick's ('83) phylogeny is favored since, for theoretical and practical reasons, parsimony is not a good criterion for choosing between the possible phylogenies for dipnoans. Campbell and Barwick's ('83) phylogenetic conclusions are based on a richer empirical base and are more consistent with observed functional trends. A new phylogeny of the Dipnoi is presented, with the basic structure being defined by the conclusions drawn from Campbell and Barwick's ('83) work, namely, that patterns of dentition characterized by expanding growth and fusion of denticles or of the development of organized tooth plates each arose only once in evolution. The addition of Miles's ('77) characters, using the principle of parsimony, gives the fine structure of the phylogeny.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy and photomicrography: A working manual, by Robert F. Smith, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1990, 135 pp, $31.95 (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 28 (1994), S. 78-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070280112
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