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  • Female  (7)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (7)
  • 1
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    Life and death of neurons in the aging brain (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging are less well defined. For decades, it has been a commonly held notion that widespread neuron death in the neocortex and hippocampus is an inevitable concomitant of brain aging, but recent quantitative studies suggest that neuron death is restricted in normal aging and unlikely to account for age-related impairment of neocortical and hippocampal functions. In this article, the qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored. When these data are viewed comprehensively, it appears that the primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, J H -- Hof, P R -- AG05138/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG06647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MHDA52145/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):412-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, the Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, and the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. morrison@cortex.neuro.mssm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Entorhinal Cortex/pathology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Neocortex/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/pathology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in Great Britain and the United States (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: National, longitudinal surveys from Great Britain and the United States were used to investigate the effects of divorce on children. In both studies, a subsample of children who were in two-parent families during the initial interview (at age 7 in the British data and at ages 7 to 11 in the U.S. data) were followed through the next interview (at age 11 and ages 11 to 16, respectively). At both time points in the British data, parents and teachers independently rated the children's behavior problems, and the children were given reading and mathematics achievement tests. At both time points in the U.S. data, parents rated the children's behavior problems. Children whose parents divorced or separated between the two time points were compared to children whose families remained intact. For boys, the apparent effect of separation or divorce on behavior problems and achievement at the later time point was sharply reduced by considering behavior problems, achievement levels, and family difficulties that were present at the earlier time point, before any of the families had broken up. For girls, the reduction in the apparent effect of divorce occurred to a lesser but still noticeable extent once preexisting conditions were considered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherlin, A J -- Furstenberg, F F Jr -- Chase-Lansdale, L -- Kiernan, K E -- Robins, P K -- Morrison, D R -- Teitler, J O -- HD25936/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Achievement ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Divorce/*psychology ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Research on animals: unforseen benefits (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):176.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma/diagnosis ; *Research ; Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Isolation of Succinivibrionaceae implicated in low methane emissions from Tammar wallabies (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: The Tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) harbors unique gut bacteria and produces only one-fifth the amount of methane produced by ruminants per unit of digestible energy intake. We have isolated a dominant bacterial species (WG-1) from the wallaby microbiota affiliated with the family Succinivibrionaceae and implicated in lower methane emissions from starch-containing diets. This was achieved by using a partial reconstruction of the bacterium's metabolism from binned metagenomic data (nitrogen and carbohydrate utilization pathways and antibiotic resistance) to devise cultivation-based strategies that produced axenic WG-1 cultures. Pure-culture studies confirm that the bacterium is capnophilic and produces succinate, further explaining a microbiological basis for lower methane emissions from macropodids. This knowledge also provides new strategic targets for redirecting fermentation and reducing methane production in livestock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pope, P B -- Smith, W -- Denman, S E -- Tringe, S G -- Barry, K -- Hugenholtz, P -- McSweeney, C S -- McHardy, A C -- Morrison, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):646-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1205760. Epub 2011 Jun 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia 4067, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21719642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Digestive System/*microbiology ; Female ; Fermentation ; Genome, Bacterial ; Macropodidae/*microbiology ; Metagenome ; Methane/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Starch/metabolism ; Succinic Acid/*metabolism ; Succinivibrionaceae/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & ; purification/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    H2S induces a suspended animation-like state in mice (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: Mammals normally maintain their core body temperature (CBT) despite changes in environmental temperature. Exceptions to this norm include suspended animation-like states such as hibernation, torpor, and estivation. These states are all characterized by marked decreases in metabolic rate, followed by a loss of homeothermic control in which the animal's CBT approaches that of the environment. We report that hydrogen sulfide can induce a suspended animation-like state in a nonhibernating species, the house mouse (Mus musculus). This state is readily reversible and does not appear to harm the animal. This suggests the possibility of inducing suspended animation-like states for medical applications.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blackstone, Eric -- Morrison, Mike -- Roth, Mark B -- GM48435/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG00057/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):518.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Metabolism/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Body Temperature/*drug effects ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estivation ; Female ; Hibernation ; Hydrogen Sulfide/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Imaging elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells with ion microscopy (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-28
    Description: Both elemental distribution and ion transport in cultured cells have been imaged by ion microscopy. Morphological and chemical information was obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.5 micron for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in freeze-fixed, cryofractured, and freeze-dried normal rat kidney cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells. Ion transport was successfully demonstrated by imaging Na+-K+ fluxes after the inhibition of Na+- and K+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase with ouabain. This method allows measurements of elemental (isotopic) distribution to be related to cell morphology, thereby providing the means for studying ion distribution and ion transport under different physiological, pathological, and toxicological conditions in cell culture systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chandra, S -- Morrison, G H -- R01GM24314/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 28;228(4707):1543-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2990033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Elements/*analysis ; Female ; Freeze Fracturing ; Kidney/*ultrastructure ; Magnesium/analysis ; Microscopy/methods ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovary/*ultrastructure ; Potassium/analysis ; Rats ; Sodium/analysis ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    T-lymphocyte priming and protection against Friend leukemia by vaccinia-retrovirus env gene recombinant (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-11-07
    Description: The current prevalence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans has provoked renewed interest in methods of protective immunization against retrovirus-induced diseases. In this study, a vaccinia-retrovirus recombinant vector was constructed to study mechanisms of immune protection against Friend virus leukemia in mice. The envelope (env) gene from Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) was inserted into the genome of a vaccinia virus expression vector. Infected cells synthesized gp85, the glycosylated primary product of the env gene. Processing to gp70 and p15E, and cell surface localization, were similar to that occurring in cells infected with F-MuLV. Mice inoculated with live recombinant vaccinia virus had an envelope-specific T-cell proliferative response and, after challenge with Friend virus complex, developed neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and were protected against leukemia. In contrast, unimmunized and control groups developed a delayed neutralizing antibody response, but no detectable CTL, and succumbed to leukemia. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex influenced protection induced by the vaccinia recombinant but not that induced by attenuated N-tropic Friend virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Earl, P L -- Moss, B -- Morrison, R P -- Wehrly, K -- Nishio, J -- Chesebro, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Nov 7;234(4777):728-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3490689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antigens/*immunology ; DNA, Recombinant ; Female ; Friend murine leukemia virus/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/prevention & control ; Leukemia, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/microbiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*immunology ; Vaccinia virus/genetics/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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