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  • 1
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    Science in court: head case (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):340-2. doi: 10.1038/464340a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/physiopathology/psychology ; Child ; Female ; Forensic Sciences/ethics/*methods/trends ; Homicide/*legislation & jurisprudence/*psychology ; Humans ; Insanity Defense ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/standards/*utilization ; Male ; *Neurosciences ; Positron-Emission Tomography/utilization ; Rape/legislation & jurisprudence/psychology ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Cell biology. Rapamycin paradox resolved (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Katherine J -- Kennedy, Brian K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1578-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1221365.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22461595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Insulin Resistance ; *Longevity ; Male ; Sirolimus/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Cytomegalovirus vectors violate CD8+ T cell epitope recognition paradigms (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: CD8(+) T cell responses focus on a small fraction of pathogen- or vaccine-encoded peptides, and for some pathogens, these restricted recognition hierarchies limit the effectiveness of antipathogen immunity. We found that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors elicit SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells that recognize unusual, diverse, and highly promiscuous epitopes, including dominant responses to epitopes restricted by class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Induction of canonical SIV epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell responses is suppressed by the RhCMV-encoded Rh189 gene (corresponding to human CMV US11), and the promiscuous MHC class I- and class II-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses occur only in the absence of the Rh157.5, Rh157.4, and Rh157.6 (human CMV UL128, UL130, and UL131) genes. Thus, CMV vectors can be genetically programmed to achieve distinct patterns of CD8(+) T cell epitope recognition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816976/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Sacha, Jonah B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Ford, Julia C -- Burwitz, Benjamin J -- Scholz, Isabel -- Gilbride, Roxanne M -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Gilliam, Awbrey N -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Malouli, Daniel -- Xu, Guangwu -- Richards, Rebecca -- Whizin, Nathan -- Reed, Jason S -- Hammond, Katherine B -- Fischer, Miranda -- Turner, John M -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Edlefsen, Paul T -- Nelson, Jay A -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Fruh, Klaus -- Picker, Louis J -- P01 AI094417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD 011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059457/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):1237874. doi: 10.1126/science.1237874.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cytokines/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/*immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors/genetics/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics ; SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/*immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-13
    Description: Established infections with the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are thought to be permanent with even the most effective immune responses and antiretroviral therapies only able to control, but not clear, these infections. Whether the residual virus that maintains these infections is vulnerable to clearance is a question of central importance to the future management of millions of HIV-infected individuals. We recently reported that approximately 50% of rhesus macaques (RM; Macaca mulatta) vaccinated with SIV protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors manifest durable, aviraemic control of infection with the highly pathogenic strain SIVmac239 (ref. 5). Here we show that regardless of the route of challenge, RhCMV/SIV vector-elicited immune responses control SIVmac239 after demonstrable lymphatic and haematogenous viral dissemination, and that replication-competent SIV persists in several sites for weeks to months. Over time, however, protected RM lost signs of SIV infection, showing a consistent lack of measurable plasma- or tissue-associated virus using ultrasensitive assays, and a loss of T-cell reactivity to SIV determinants not in the vaccine. Extensive ultrasensitive quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR with reverse transcription analyses of tissues from RhCMV/SIV vector-protected RM necropsied 69-172 weeks after challenge did not detect SIV RNA or DNA sequences above background levels, and replication-competent SIV was not detected in these RM by extensive co-culture analysis of tissues or by adoptive transfer of 60 million haematolymphoid cells to naive RM. These data provide compelling evidence for progressive clearance of a pathogenic lentiviral infection, and suggest that some lentiviral reservoirs may be susceptible to the continuous effector memory T-cell-mediated immune surveillance elicited and maintained by cytomegalovirus vectors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849456/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849456/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Gilbride, Roxanne M -- Ford, Julia C -- Oswald, Kelli -- Shoemaker, Rebecca -- Li, Yuan -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Gilliam, Awbrey N -- Xu, Guangwu -- Whizin, Nathan -- Burwitz, Benjamin J -- Planer, Shannon L -- Turner, John M -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Nelson, Jay A -- Fruh, Klaus -- Sacha, Jonah B -- Estes, Jacob D -- Keele, Brandon F -- Edlefsen, Paul T -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Picker, Louis J -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- P01 AI094417/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011092/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE021291/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI054292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI095985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096109/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- U42 OD010426/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Oct 3;502(7469):100-4. doi: 10.1038/nature12519. Epub 2013 Sep 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics/immunology ; Female ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; SAIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*prevention & control/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Mating advantage for rare males in wild guppy populations (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-11-01
    Description: To understand the processes that maintain genetic diversity is a long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology, with implications for predicting disease resistance, response to environmental change, and population persistence. Simple population genetic models are not sufficient to explain the high levels of genetic diversity sometimes observed in ecologically important traits. In guppies (Poecilia reticulata), male colour pattern is both diverse and heritable, and is arguably one of the most extreme examples of morphological polymorphism known. Negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), a form of selection in which genotypes are favoured when they are rare, can potentially maintain such extensive polymorphism, but few experimental studies have confirmed its operation in nature. Here we use highly replicated experimental manipulations of natural populations to show that males with rare colour patterns have higher reproductive fitness, demonstrating NFDS mediated by sexual selection. Rare males acquired more mates and sired more offspring compared to common males and, as previously reported, had higher rates of survival. Orange colour, implicated in other studies of sexual selection in guppies, did predict male reproductive success, but only in one of three populations. These data support the hypothesis that NFDS maintains diversity in the colour patterns of male guppies through two selective agents, mates and predators. Similar field-based manipulations of genotype frequencies could provide a powerful approach to reveal the underlying ecological and behavioural mechanisms that maintain genetic and phenotypic diversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Kimberly A -- Houde, Anne E -- Price, Anna C -- Rodd, F Helen -- England -- Nature. 2013 Nov 7;503(7474):108-10. doi: 10.1038/nature12717. Epub 2013 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, 319 Stadium Drive, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Genetic Fitness/genetics/*physiology ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal/*physiology ; Models, Animal ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/genetics/physiology ; Poecilia/genetics/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior ; Rivers ; Selection, Genetic/genetics/physiology ; Survival Rate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Sperm RNA carries marks of trauma (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 17;508(7496):296-7. doi: 10.1038/508296a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24740043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbohydrate Metabolism/genetics ; Depression/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; Heredity/*genetics ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*analysis/blood/*genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Parent-Child Relations ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Only full-sibling families evolved eusociality (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. The paper by Nowak et al. has the evolution of eusociality as its title, but it is mostly about something else. It argues against inclusive fitness theory and offers an alternative modelling approach that is claimed to be more fundamental and general, but which, we believe, has no practical biological meaning for the evolution of eusociality. Nowak et al. overlook the robust empirical observation that eusociality has only arisen in clades where mothers are associated with their full-sibling offspring; that is, in families where the average relatedness of offspring to siblings is as high as to their own offspring, independent of population structure or ploidy. We believe that this omission makes the paper largely irrelevant for understanding the evolution of eusociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boomsma, Jacobus J -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Cornwallis, Charlie K -- Griffin, Ashleigh S -- Holman, Luke -- Hughes, William O H -- Keller, Laurent -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):E4-5; author reply E9-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09832.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430722" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Genetic Fitness ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reproduction/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio ; *Siblings
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    A cascade of DNA-binding proteins for sexual commitment and development in Plasmodium (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-28
    Description: Commitment to and completion of sexual development are essential for malaria parasites (protists of the genus Plasmodium) to be transmitted through mosquitoes. The molecular mechanism(s) responsible for commitment have been hitherto unknown. Here we show that PbAP2-G, a conserved member of the apicomplexan AP2 (ApiAP2) family of DNA-binding proteins, is essential for the commitment of asexually replicating forms to sexual development in Plasmodium berghei, a malaria parasite of rodents. PbAP2-G was identified from mutations in its encoding gene, PBANKA_143750, which account for the loss of sexual development frequently observed in parasites transmitted artificially by blood passage. Systematic gene deletion of conserved ApiAP2 genes in Plasmodium confirmed the role of PbAP2-G and revealed a second ApiAP2 member (PBANKA_103430, here termed PbAP2-G2) that significantly modulates but does not abolish gametocytogenesis, indicating that a cascade of ApiAP2 proteins are involved in commitment to the production and maturation of gametocytes. The data suggest a mechanism of commitment to gametocytogenesis in Plasmodium consistent with a positive feedback loop involving PbAP2-G that could be exploited to prevent the transmission of this pernicious parasite.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105895/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4105895/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sinha, Abhinav -- Hughes, Katie R -- Modrzynska, Katarzyna K -- Otto, Thomas D -- Pfander, Claudia -- Dickens, Nicholas J -- Religa, Agnieszka A -- Bushell, Ellen -- Graham, Anne L -- Cameron, Rachael -- Kafsack, Bjorn F C -- Williams, April E -- Llinas, Manuel -- Berriman, Matthew -- Billker, Oliver -- Waters, Andrew P -- 083811/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083811/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 085349/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 104111/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0501670/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P50 GM071508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM071508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076276/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007388/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 13;507(7491):253-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12970. Epub 2014 Feb 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK [2]. ; 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK [2]. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA [2] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. ; 1] Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014, USA [2] Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [3] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/parasitology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germ Cells/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Malaria/*parasitology ; Male ; Mutation/genetics ; Plasmodium berghei/cytology/*genetics/*physiology ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sexual Development/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Epigenetics: The sins of the father (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, Virginia -- England -- Nature. 2014 Mar 6;507(7490):22-4. doi: 10.1038/507022a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24598623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetophenones/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; Conditioning, Classical ; DNA Methylation/genetics ; Environmental Exposure ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects/*genetics ; *Fathers ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting ; Heredity/*genetics ; Histones/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *Models, Genetic ; Odors/analysis ; Plants/genetics/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Protamines/metabolism ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics/metabolism ; Semen/chemistry/metabolism ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Mammalian Y chromosomes retain widely expressed dosage-sensitive regulators (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-25
    Description: The human X and Y chromosomes evolved from an ordinary pair of autosomes, but millions of years ago genetic decay ravaged the Y chromosome, and only three per cent of its ancestral genes survived. We reconstructed the evolution of the Y chromosome across eight mammals to identify biases in gene content and the selective pressures that preserved the surviving ancestral genes. Our findings indicate that survival was nonrandom, and in two cases, convergent across placental and marsupial mammals. We conclude that the gene content of the Y chromosome became specialized through selection to maintain the ancestral dosage of homologous X-Y gene pairs that function as broadly expressed regulators of transcription, translation and protein stability. We propose that beyond its roles in testis determination and spermatogenesis, the Y chromosome is essential for male viability, and has unappreciated roles in Turner's syndrome and in phenotypic differences between the sexes in health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139287/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellott, Daniel W -- Hughes, Jennifer F -- Skaletsky, Helen -- Brown, Laura G -- Pyntikova, Tatyana -- Cho, Ting-Jan -- Koutseva, Natalia -- Zaghlul, Sara -- Graves, Tina -- Rock, Susie -- Kremitzki, Colin -- Fulton, Robert S -- Dugan, Shannon -- Ding, Yan -- Morton, Donna -- Khan, Ziad -- Lewis, Lora -- Buhay, Christian -- Wang, Qiaoyan -- Watt, Jennifer -- Holder, Michael -- Lee, Sandy -- Nazareth, Lynne -- Alfoldi, Jessica -- Rozen, Steve -- Muzny, Donna M -- Warren, Wesley C -- Gibbs, Richard A -- Wilson, Richard K -- Page, David C -- P51 RR013986/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Apr 24;508(7497):494-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, & Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, USA. ; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24759411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; Disease ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Marsupialia/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Biosynthesis/genetics ; Protein Stability ; Selection, Genetic/genetics ; Sequence Homology ; Sex Characteristics ; Spermatogenesis/genetics ; Testis/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Turner Syndrome/genetics ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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