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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer (ISSN 0887-8722); 6; 3, Ju; 412-418
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer (ISSN 0887-8722); 6; 4; p. 618-625.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A nonequilibrium radiative heating prediction method has been used to evaluate several energy exchange models used in nonequilibrium computational fluid dynamics methods. The radiative heating measurements from the FIRE II flight experiment supply an experimental benchmark against which different formulations for these exchange models can be judged. The models which predict the lowest radiative heating are found to give the best agreement with the flight data. Examination of the spectral distribution of radiation indicates that despite close agreement of the total radiation, many of the models examined predict excessive molecular radiation. It is suggested that a study of the nonequilibrium chemical kinetics may lead to a correction for this problem.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-0571
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Lunar and Mars return conditions are examined using the LAURA flowfield code and the LORAN radiation code to assess the effect of radiative coupling on axisymmetric thermochemical nonequilibrium flows. Coupling of the two codes is achieved iteratively. Special treatment required to couple radiation in a shock-capturing method is discussed. Results indicate that while coupling effects are generally the same as occur in equilibrium flows, under certain conditions radiation can modify the chemical kinetics of a nonequilibrium flow and thus alter relaxation processes. Coupling effects are found to be small for all cases considered, except for a five meter diameter aerobrake returning from Mars at 13.6 km/sec.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 92-2868
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Studies currently underway for Mars missions often envision the use of aerobraking for orbital capture at Mars. These missions generally involve blunt-nosed vehicles to dissipate the excess energy of the interplanetary transfer. Radiative heating may be of importance in these blunt-body flows because of the highly energetic shock layer around the blunt nose. In addition, the Martian atmosphere contains CO2, whose dissociation products are known to include strong radiators. An inviscid, equilibrium, stagnation point, radiation-coupled flow-field code has been developed for investigating blunt-body atmospheric entry. The method has been compared with ground-based and flight data for air, and reasonable agreement has been found. In the present work, the method was applied to a matrix of conditions in the Martian atmosphere. These conditions encompass most trajectories of interest for Mars exploration spacecraft. The predicted equilibrium radiative heating to the stagnation point of the vehicle is presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-102659 , NAS 1.15:102659
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The recent resurgence of interest in blunt-body atmospheric entry for applications such as aeroassisted orbital transfer and planetary return has engendered a corresponding revival of interest in radiative heating. Radiative heating may be of importance in these blunt-body flows because of the highly energetic shock layer around the blunt nose. Sutton developed an inviscid, stagnation point, radiation coupled flow field code for investigating blunt-body atmospheric entry. The method has been compared with ground-based and flight data, and reasonable agreement has been found. To provide information for entry body studies in support of lunar and Mars return scenarios of interest in the 1970's, the code was exercised over a matrix of Earth entry conditions. Recently, this matrix was extended slightly to reflect entry vehicle designs of current interest. Complete results are presented.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-102652 , NAS 1.15:102652
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The numerical simulation of hypersonic flow in thermochemical nonequilibrium over the forebody of the FIRE 2 vehicle at 1634 sec in its trajectory is described. The simulation was executed on a Cray C90 with the program Langley Aerodynamic Upwind Relaxation Algorithm (LAURA) 4.0.2. Code setup procedures and sample results, including grid refinement studies, are discussed. This simulation relates to a study of radiative heating predictions on aerobrake type vehicles.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-109141 , NAS 1.15:109141
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The theory for radiation emission, absorption, and transfer in a thermochemical nonequilibrium flow is presented. The expressions developed reduce correctly to the limit at equilibrium. To implement the theory in a practical computer code, some approximations are used, particularly the smearing of molecular radiation. Details of these approximations are presented and helpful information is included concerning the use of the computer code. This user's manual should benefit both occasional users of the Langley Optimized Radiative Nonequilibrium (LORAN) code and those who wish to use it to experiment with improved models or properties.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: NASA-TM-4564 , L-17372 , NAS 1.15:4564
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A simplified method for the calculation of radiative heat transfer in hypersonic reentry flows where local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) conditions exist is presented. This method has been incorporated into the computer code RADMC (RADiation/Modified Corrections), which utilizes an approximate 'two-state' model of the electronic levels of atoms and molecules in the determination of the populations of the excited states for both LTNE and local thermal equilibrium (LTE) conditions for each of the relevant chemical species. The population data are used to calculate a correction factor to the radiative cross sections in an eight-step nongray radiative heat-transfer model. Results have been obtained for various points along the proposed trajectory of the Aeroassist Flight Experiment and the Fire II trajectory, and compared with results obtained for the same flowfields from the NEQAIR radiative heat-transfer code.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 90-0135
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method for predicting radiation in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows has been developed. A summary of the development is presented, with emphasis on its unique features. The optimization of the method to provide efficient solutions allowing coupling to flowfield solvers is discussed. Representative results are obtained and compared to previous solutions and flight data. The method is found to be a useful tool for studies of nonequilibrium flowfields.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-1406
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