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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and function of Pisolithus and Scleroderma ectomycorrhizas formed in vivo with Allocasuarina, Casuarina and Eucalyptus (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ectomycorrhizas ; Allocasuarina ; Casuarina ; Eucalyptus ; Pisolithus ; Scleroderma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of inoculating seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis, Allocasuarina littoralis and Casuarina equisetifolia with two isolates of Pisolithus and two isolates of Scleroderma from under eucalypts was examined in a glasshouse trial. Ectomycorrhizas formed extensively on Eucalyptus (23–46% fine roots ectomycorrhizal) and Allocasuarina (18–51% fine roots ectomycorrhizal). On Casuarina, the fungi were either unable to colonize the rhizosphere (one isolate of Pisolithus), or sheathed roots, resembling ectomycorrhizas, formed on 1–2% of the fine roots. Colonization of roots by one isolate of Scleroderma resulted in the death of Casuarina seedlings. Inoculation with fungi increased shoot dry weight by up to a factor of 32 (Eucalyptus), 4 (Allocasuarina) and 3 (Casuarina). Ectomycorrhizas formed in associations with Eucalyptus and Allocasuarina had fully differentiated mantles and Hartig nets in which the host and fungal cells were linked by an extensive fibrillar matrix. Sheathed roots in Casuarina lacked a Hartig net, and the epidermis showed a hypersensitive reaction resulting in wall thickening and cell death. The sheaths are described as mantles since the density and arrangement of the hyphae in the sheaths was similar to that in mantles of the eucalypt ectomycorrhizas. The intercellular carbohydrate matrix was not produced in the Casuarina mantle in association with Pisolithus, hence the mantle was not cemented to the root. These structures differ from poorly compatible associations described previously for Pisolithus and Eucalyptus. The anatomical data indicate that ectomycorrhizal assessment based on surface morphological features may be misleading in ecological studies because compatible and incompatible associations may not be distinguishable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050050
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro synthesis of Pisolithus-Eucalyptus ectomycorrhizae: synchronization of lateral tip emergence and ectomycorrhizal development (1996)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1996), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Ectomycorrhizal development ; Eucalyptus ; Pisolithus ; Synthesis system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A simple and reproducible in vitro system is described for the synthesis of Pisolithus-Eucalyptus grandis ectomycorrhizae. Hyphal discs from actively growing colonies were placed in large petri dishes containing minimum nutrient agar overlaid with cellophane and allowed to grow for 7 days. Seeds were then surface sterilized and placed above the expanding fungal colonies and the plates slanted. Seedlings that germinated and grew in the presence of fungal hyphae had twice as many lateral root tips as seedlings that germinated before they were transferred onto hyphal mats. In addition, the lateral root tips of inoculated seedlings had a faster maturation rate and emerged closer to the primary root apex than non-inoculated seedlings. All lateral tips emerged in contact with fungal hyphae and the differentiation of ectomycorrhizae was followed by examining lateral tips basipetally along a single primary root. Typical ectomycorrhizae had formed on 4-day-old lateral tips, i.e. a mantle, radially elongated epidermal cells and a Hartig net commencing about 0.3 mm behind the lateral root apex. Thereafter, the mantle continued to thicken and the apical meristem diminished. The Hartig net often surrounded the apex of 11- to 12-day-old lateral root tips. This model system will facilitate detailed studies on synchronized ectomycorrhizal development and associated molecular and biochemical changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and function of Pisolithus and Scleroderma ectomycorrhizas formed in vivo with Allocasuarina, Casuarina and Eucalyptus (1994)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 5 (1994), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Ectomycorrhizas ; Allocasuarina Casuarina ; Eucalyptus ; Pisolithus ; Scleroderma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of inoculating seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis, Allocasuarina littoralis and Casuarina equisetifolia with two isolates of Pisolithus and two isolates of Scleroderma from under eucalypts was examined in a glasshouse trial. Ectomycorrhizas formed extensively on Eucalyptus (23–46% fine roots ectomycorrhizal) and Allocasuarina (18–51% fine roots ectomycorrhizal). On Casuarina, the fungi were either unable to colonize the rhizosphere (one isolate of Pisolithus), or sheathed roots, resembling ectomycorrhizas, formed on 1–2% of the fine roots. Colonization of roots by one isolate of Scleroderma resulted in the death of Casuarina seedlings. Inoculation with fungi increased shoot dry weight by up to a factor of 32 (Eucalyptus), 4 (Allocasuarina) and 3 (Casuarina). Ectomycorrhizas formed in associations with Eucalyptus and Allocasuarina had fully differentiated mantles and Hartig nets in which the host and fungal cells were linked by an extensive fibrillar matrix. Sheathed roots in Casuarina lacked a Hartig net, and the epidermis showed a hypersensitive reaction resulting in wall thickening and cell death. The sheaths are described as mantles since the density and arrangement of the hyphae in the sheaths was similar to that in mantles of the eucalypt ectomycorrhizas. The intercellular carbohydrate matrix was not produced in the Casuarina mantle in association with Pisolithus, hence the mantle was not cemented to the root. These structures differ from poorly compatible associations described previously for Pisolithus and Eucalyptus. The anatomical data indicate that ectomycorrhizal assessment based on surface morphological features may be misleading in ecological studies because compatible and incompatible associations may not be distinguishable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202345
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fungal-isolate aggressivity on the biosynthesis of symbiosis-related polypeptides in differentiating eucalypt ectomycorrhizas (1995)
    Springer
    Planta 195 (1995), S. 408-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ectomycorrhiza ; Eucalyptus ; Pisolithus ; Symbiosis-related polypeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in protein biosynthesis were examined during the early stages of differentiation of Eucalyptus grandis-Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizas by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 35S-labelled proteins. Three distinct isolates of P. tinctorius Coker & Couch were chosen based on the rate of ectomycorrhizal formation (i.e. infectivity) with E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. The isolate H506 was not able to induce mycorrhiza, isolate 441 showed moderate infectivity and isolate H2144 exhibited a very high infectivity. Mycorrhiza were produced in vitro in a system where seeds were germinated in the presence of fungal mycelium and exudates. The non-mycorrhizal isolate caused no changes in root protein biosynthesis as analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas drastic alterations in protein biosynthesis were observed from initial contact with the aggressive mycobionts. During mycorrhizal development, there was a marked inhibition of plant polypeptides synthesis, enhanced accumulation of some fungal polypeptides and the emergence of symbiosis-specific polypeptides, the so-called ectomycorrhizins. The major changes were observed in a group of fungal acidic polypeptides (apparent molecular weight 28–32 kDa) including the ectomycorrhizin E32. These polypeptides first appeared at contact and their synthesis increased during mycorrhizal formation, suggesting a role in mycorrhizal development, most likely as structural proteins. Up-regulation of the synthesis of fungal symbiosis-related polypeptides was tightly correlated to the infectivity of the strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202599
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