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  • 1
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    Estimating Downward Cross-Tropopause Ozone Flux using Column Ozone and Potential Vorticity (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-20
    Description: A new method of estimating the downward ozone flux across the midlatitude tropopause is introduced. The algorithm derives the estimate from total column ozone observations. Vertical information is given by analysis potential vorticity fields. This method yields an annual estimate of 500 +/- 140 Tg/yr stratospheric injection of ozone into the northern hemisphere, midlatitude troposphere. The downward ozone flux exhibits the expected spring maximum and autumn minimum. The annual distribution of the cross-tropopause ozone, transport by latitude is consistent with the seasonal frequency and (list distribution) of baroclinic systems. This algorithm also produces localized results and call thus be applied to a single case or global studies.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
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  • 2
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    Evidence of Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport Within a Mesoscale Model and TOMS Total Ozone (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: We present evidence for stratospheric mass transport into, and remaining in, the troposphere in an intense midlatitude cyclone. Mesoscale forecast model analysis fields from the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS) were compared with total ozone observations from the Total Ozone Measurement Spectrometer (TOMS). Coupled with parcel back-trajectory calculations, the analyses suggest two mechanisms contributed to the mass exchange: (1) A region of dynamical ly-induced exchange occurred on the cyclone's southern edge. Parcels originally in the stratosphere crossed the jet core and experienced dilution by turbulent mixing with tropospheric air. (2) Diabatic effects reduced parcel potential vorticity (PV) for trajectories traversing precipitation regions, resulting in a "PV-hole" signature in the cyclone center. Air with lower-stratospheric values of ozone and water vapor was left in the troposphere. The strength of the latter process may be atypical. These results, combined with other research, suggest that precipitation-induced diabatic effects can significantly modify, (either decreasing or increasing) parcel potential vorticity, depending on parcel trajectory configuration with respect to jet core and maximum heating regions. In addition, these results underscore the importance of using not only PV but also chemical constituents for diagnoses of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE).
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: AGU Spring Meeting; May 29, 2001 - Jun 02, 2001; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 3
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    Observational Diagnoses of Extratropical Ozone STE During the Aura Era (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the extratropical troposphere is an important boundary condition to tropospheric chemistry. However, previous direct estimates from models and indirect estimates from observations have poorly constrained the magnitude of ozone stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). In this study we provide a direct diagnosis of the extratropical ozone STE using data from the Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura and output of the MERRA reanalysis over the time period from 2005 to the present. We find that the mean annual STE is about 275 Tg/yr and 205 Tg/yr in the NH and SH, respectively. The interannual variability of the magnitude is about twice as great in the NH than the SH. We find that this variability is dominated by the seasonal variability during the late winter and spring. A comparison of the ozone flux to the mass flux reveals that there is not a simple relationship between the two quantities. This presentation will also examine the magnitude and distribution of ozone in the lower stratosphere relative to the years of maximum and minimum ozone STE. Finally, we will examine any possible signature of increased ozone STE in the troposphere using sonde and tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) data, and output from the Global Modeling Initiative Chemistry Transport Model (GMI CTM).
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: GSFC.ABS.5211.2011 , 2011 Fall AGU Meeting; Dec 05, 2011 - Dec 09, 2011; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    Evaluating the Impact of AIRS Mid-Troposphere CO2 on the Tropical Surface CO2 Flux Estimation (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Atmospheric Sounder Science Team Meeting; Nov 13, 2012; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 5
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    Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation Compendium (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The Technology Evaluation for Environmental Risk Mitigation (TEERM) Principal Center and its predecessor organization the Acquisition Pollution Prevention Program (AP2) supported the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in identifying technology solutions to risks and costs to NASA programs driven by environmental regulations and requirements. TEERM researched the commercial and government marketplace to locate viable and available technologies that met NASAs needs. TEERM focused on addressing environmentally-driven risks of direct concern to NASA programs and facilities, including hazardous materials in NASA operations and materials that became obsolescent because of environmental regulations. TEERM projects aimed to reduce cost; ensure the health and safety of people, assets, and the environment; promote efficiency; and minimize duplication. Major TEERM and AP2 projects focused on waste minimization and hazardous waste treatment, recycling, corrosion prevention and control, solvent and ozone depleting substances substitution, and aqueous based cleaners. In 2017, NASA made the decision to terminate the TEERM Principal Center. This Compendium Report documents TEERM and AP2 project successes. The Compendium Report traces the evolution of TEERM based on evolving risks and requirements for NASA and its relationship to the Space Shuttle Program, the United States Department of Defense, the European Space Agency, and other public and private stakeholders. This Compendium Report also documents project details from Project Summaries and Joint Test Plans and describes project stakeholders and collaborative effort results.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: NASA/TP-2017-219778 , KSC-E-DAA-TN47252
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  • 6
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    Observational Diagnoses of Extratropical Ozone STE from 2005-2010 (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The transport of ozone from the stratosphere to the extratropical troposphere is an important boundary condition to tropospheric chemistry. However, previous direct estimates from models and indirect estimates from observations have poorly constrained the magnitude of ozone stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). In this study we provide a direct diagnosis of the extratropical ozone STE using data from the Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura and output of the MERRA reanalysis over the time period from 2005 to the present. We find that the mean annual STE is about 275 Tg yr-1 and 205 Tg yr-1 in the NH and SH, respectively. The interannual variability of the magnitude is about twice as great in the NH than the SH. This variability is dominated by the seasonal variability during the late winter and spring. A comparison of the ozone flux to the mass flux reveals that there is not a simple relationship between the two quantities. This presentation will also examine the magnitude and distribution of ozone in the lower stratosphere relative to the years of maximum and minimum ozone STE
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: GSFC.ABS.5209.2011 , Fall 2011 AGU Meeting; Dec 05, 2011 - Dec 09, 2011; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Global Changes in the Diurnal Cycle of Surface Ozone (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Changing emissions of NOx and other ozone precursors drive trends in both production and loss of surface ozone, leading to surface ozone trends that differ according to the time of day. Consequently, the magnitude of the diurnal cycle in surface ozone is changing in several regions of the world. Changes in the diurnal cycle of ozone have implications for the metrics used to assess the impact of ozone on human health and vegetation, since different metrics are sensitive to different portions of the diurnal cycle. We use a high resolution model simulation to examine global changes in the magnitude of the diurnal cycle of O3 between 1980 and 2015. The simulation reproduces the negative trends in the tropospheric NO2 column over the eastern United States and Europe, and the positive trends over East Asia, seen by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). It also gives a reasonable reproduction of the change in the diurnal cycle of surface ozone seen at rural sites in the eastern United States between the 1990s and 2000s. The simulation shows that the magnitude of the surface O3 diurnal cycle is increasing in regions with positive changes in NOx emissions, such as South and East Asia, and decreasing in regions with reductions in NOx emissions. It also shows changes in the diurnal cycle of the tropospheric ozone column, although these have fewer regions with statistically significant trends. These changes suggest that daily mean ozone is responding less than the mid-day ozone measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and OMI.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN65931 , Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 1352-2310); 199; 323-333
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  • 8
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    Remediation Technology Collaboration Development (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: This slide presentation reviews programs at NASA aimed at development at Remediation Technology development for removal of environmental pollutants from NASA sites. This is challenging because there are many sites with different environments, and various jurisdictions and regulations. There are also multiple contaminants. There must be different approaches based on location and type of contamination. There are other challenges: such as costs, increased need for resources and the amount of resources available, and a regulatory environment that is increasing.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: KSC-2010-265 , 2010 International Workshop on Environment and Energy; Nov 02, 2010 - Nov 04, 2010; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 9
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    Analysis of AIRS CO2 Sensitivity to Surface CO2 Flux Using Geos-chem Adjoint Model (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: AIRS Science Team Meeting; Apr 24, 2012 - Apr 26, 2012; Pasadena, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Mass and Ozone Fluxes from the Lowermost Stratosphere (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Net mass flux from the stratosphere to the troposphere can be computed from the heating rate along the 380K isentropic surface and the time rate of change of the mass of the lowermost stratosphere (the region between the tropopause and the 380K isentrope). Given this net mass flux and the cross tropopause diabatic mass flux, the residual adiabatic mass flux across the tropopause can also be estimated. These fluxes have been computed using meteorological fields from a free-running general circulation model (FVGCM) and two assimilation data sets, FVDAS, and UKMO. The data sets tend to agree that the annual average net mass flux for the Northern Hemisphere is about 1P10 kg/s. There is less agreement on the southern Hemisphere flux that might be half as large. For all three data sets, the adiabatic mass flux is computed to be from the upper troposphere into the lowermost stratosphere. This flux will dilute air entering from higher stratospheric altitudes. The mass fluxes are convolved with ozone mixing ratios from the Goddard 3D CTM (which uses the FVGCM) to estimate the cross-tropopause transport of ozone. A relatively large adiabatic flux of tropospheric ozone from the tropical upper troposphere into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere dilutes the stratospheric air in the lowermost stratosphere. Thus, a significant fraction of any measured ozone STE may not be ozone produced in the higher Stratosphere. The results also illustrate that the annual cycle of ozone concentration in the lowermost stratosphere has as much of a role as the transport in the seasonal ozone flux cycle. This implies that a simplified calculation of ozone STE mass from air mass and a mean ozone mixing ratio may have a large uncertainty.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Quadrennial Ozone Symposium; Jun 01, 2004 - Jun 08, 2004; Kos; Greece
    Format: text
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