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  • 1
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    In Situ Aerosol Size Distributions and Clear Column Radiative Closure During ACE-2 (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: As part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) during June and July of 1997, aerosol size distributions were measured on board the CIRPAS Pelican aircraft through the use of a DMA and two OPCS. During the campaign, the boundary layer aerosol typically possessed characteristics representative of a background marine aerosol or a continentally influenced aerosol, while the free tropospheric aerosol was characterized by the presence or absence of a Saharan dust layer. A range of radiative closure comparisons were made using the data obtained during vertical profiles flown on four missions. Of particular interest here are the comparisons made between the optical properties as determined through the use of measured aerosol size distributions and those measured directly by an airborne 14-wavelength sunphotometer and three nephelometers. Variations in the relative humidity associated with each of the direct measurements required consideration of the hygroscopic properties of the aerosol for size distribution based calculations. Simultaneous comparison with such a wide range of directly measured optical parameters not only offers evidence of the validity of the physicochemical description of the aerosol when closure is achieved, but also provides insight into potential sources of error when some or all of the comparisons result in disagreement. Agreement between the derived and directly measured optical properties varied for different measurements and for different cases. Averaged over the four case studies, the derived extinction coefficient at 525 nm exceeded that measured by the sunphotomoter by 2.5% in the clean boundary later, but underestimated measurements by 13% during pollution events. For measurements within the free troposphere, the mean derived extinction coefficient was 3.3% and 17% less than that measured by the sunphotometer during dusty and nondusty conditions, respectively. Likewise, averaged discrepancies between the derived and measured scattering coefficient were -9.6%, +4.7%, +17%, and -41% for measurements within the clean boundary layer, polluted boundary layer, free troposphere with a dust layer, and free troposphere without a dust layer, respectively. Each of these quantities, as well as the majority of the 〉 100 individual comparisons from which they were averaged, were within estimated uncertainties.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Data Sets and Application of Radiative Transfer Models to Compute Aerosol Effects
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rates of flow through microporous solids (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 4 (1958), S. 90-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of flow of pure gases, both those with no adsorption and those with appreciable adsorption, were studied as a function of pressure level, pressure drop, and temperature for flow through 1/2-in.-diameter cylindrical plugs of activated carbon and of unsintered Vycor glass. Adsorption isotherms for the pure gases on Vycor glass were measured over the range of variables covered in the flow studies. A few measurements were made for bulk liquid flowing through a Vycor plug.Permeabilities, which are proportional to the rate of flow per unit of pressure drop, were satisfactorily correlated for hydrogen, helium, argon, and nitrogen by employing existing gas-phase flow theory. Permeabilities considerably larger than the values predicted from the nonadsorbed gas correlation, sometimes more than seventeen times as large, were observed for ethylene, propylene, and isobutane flowing through a Vycor plug. For the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems, permeabilities for vapor flow are as much as sixty times larger than for bulk liquid flow.The unusual flow phenomena for the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems are attributed to a rapid transport in the adsorbed layer. The total transport is treated as being the sum of gas-phase and adsorbed-layer flow. An equation describing adsorbed-layer movement is derived by utilizing a force balance together with thermodynamic principles. The resulting equation has just one empirical constant, and its use requires adsorption-isotherm data. It correlates very well the surface flow rates for the major range of the variables covered in this investigation. Rate measurements were made for adsorbed-layer concentrations ranging from about one tenth of a monolayer up through the capillary condensation region. Deviations in the one constant form of the equation are observed below one tenth of a monolayer. The available literature data on flow in adsorbed layers are reasonably well correlated by the same equation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690040117
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of surface cooling by bubbles during nucleate boiling of water (1964)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 10 (1964), S. 656-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By using a special surface thermocouple Moore and Mesler have measured large temperature fluctuations during nucleate boiling of water on chromel P surface. They found that the temperature dropped 20° to 30°F. in about 2 msec. but required 10 to 20 msec. to recover. They have postulated that the surface was cooled during initial bubble growth by evaporation of a microlayer into the bubble. To test this hypothesis a technique was developed to photograph a bubble growing from an artificial site as the surface temperature was measured.Temperature fluctuations were recorded on an oscilloscope which automatically triggered the bubble photographs by means of a time delay unit and flash tube. Photographs of bubbles were taken at 1 μsec. exposure time and ranged from about 10 μsec. after the start of the temperature drop to about 1 msec. before the start of another cycle. The photographs show that the surface cools during bubble growth and recovers during bubble departure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690100516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface orientation on delay time of bubbles from artificial sites during nucleate boiling (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 1020-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130536
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction path synthesis strategies (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1204-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A system is offered for the mathematical representation of the functional and structural features of organic molecules and their reactions. Two basic synthesis strategies, an antithetic method anda synthetic method, are defined and compared. The use of heuristic information in guiding synthesis is evaluated. A synthetic method which uses dynamic programming is presented and applied to the synthesis of bihelical DNA. Possible extensions to other classes of compounds are presented.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group-contribution estimation of activity coefficients in nonideal liquid mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1086-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A group-contribution method is presented for the prediction of activity coefficients in nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. The method combines the solution-of-functional-groups concept with a model for activity coefficients based on an extension of the quasi chemical theory of liquid mixtures (UNIQUAC). The resulting UNIFAC model (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) contains two adjustable parameters per pair of functional groups.By using group-interaction parameters obtained from data reduction, activity coefficients in a large number of binary and multicomponent mixtures may be predicted, often with good accuracy. This is demonstrated for mixtures containing water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, chlorides, nitriles, ketones, amines, and other organic fluids in the temperature range 275° to 400°K.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleate boiling in thin liquid films (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 954-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230629
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1978)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 750-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690240434
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A branched pore kinetic model for activated carbon adsorption (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A branched pore kinetic model for aqueous phase activated carbon adsorption is presented in which the carbon particle is separated into rapidly and slowly diffusing regions. The model was developed to overcome problems arising from a single rate parameter analysis and is shown to describe experimental data well. In addition to very different rates of transport in the two regions, parameters estimated by regression analysis indicated differences in the adsorptive characteristics.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of commercial-scale gas-liquid contactors (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 488-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic design procedure using a liquid circulation unit for gas-liquid systems containing low-viscosity liquids is developed. The procedure can be used to predict and optimize the fluid mechanics and mass transfer in gas-liquid contactors for a specified performance. Batch liquid mass transfer data obtained from a commercial-scale aeration basin (12.2 m × 12.2 m × 6.7 m; gas flow rate range, 0.0023-0.01 m3/s) are used to verify the model predictions and to test the design procedure.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330314
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