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  • Engineering
  • 3′-ribonucleotides
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding Patterns and Kinetics of RNase A Interaction with RNA (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 335-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: RNase A ; RNA ; 3′-ribonucleotides ; kinetics and binding studies ; binding subsites ; binding pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Kinetics and binding studies of RNase A and its natural polymeric substrate (RNA), as well as the natural mixture of free 3′-ribonucleotides, were performed by difference spectrophotometry. The obtained kinetic saturation curve, with an anomalous nonhyperbolic shape and a distinct transition point, showed the interchange between the two conformational forms of the enzyme. This occurred in a narrow range of substrate concentration. At low substrate concentration, in spite of the existence of one catalytic cleft, RNase A behaves as a cooperative system, perhaps due to the interactions among the four cooperative binding subsites in the active cleft. At high substrate concentration, the conformational change did occur and was accompanied by a decrease in cooperativity and increment of the catalytic constant. The multiphasic shape of the binding curve, which, in the presence of the enzyme, produced 3′-ribonucleotides (as the ligand molecules), shows four binding subsites. The first three subsites are specific for the attachment of phosphate, ribose, and base moieties belonging to the first bound 3′-ribonucleotide in the direction of 3′-phosphate → ribose → base-5′. The fourth subsite relates to the second phosphate group of the second bound 3′-ribonucleotide. The binding direction also converts to 5′-phosphate → ribose → base-3′ for the ribonucleotide monomers in the RNA structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026414928279
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG FULLY GROUTED BOLTS, WITH EMPHASIS ON CABLE BOLT REINFORCEMENT (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 20 (1996), S. 517-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: rock reinforcement ; load distribution ; cable bolts ; fully grouted ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Explanation for the widely reported observation that fully grouted reinforcement is more effective in hard rock that behaves as a discontinuum than in soft rock is presented. Analytical solutions are presented for the distribution of displacement and load along an untensioned fully grouted elastic bolt, of specified bond stiffness, which is activated during excavation by either a continuous or discontinuous distribution of rock displacement. The results indicate that significantly higher axial loads are developed for the discontinuous case.Since the mechanics of bond failure depend on the type of bolt and grout used, in the second part of the paper a finite difference formulation is introduced and combined with a non-linear model for the bond behaviour of a cement grouted seven-wire strand cable bolt. The results of a parametric study indicate that, because the bond is frictional and depends on confinement at the borehole wall, for the same profile of rock mass displacement lower loads are developed in soft rock. Furthermore, in soft rock, excavation induced stress changes can cause a dramatic reduction in bond strength, so that, even after significant rock mass displacement, the axial load developed is significantly less than the tensile strength of the cable. A combination of these effects can explain why failures of cable bolted ground involve debonding at the cable-grout interface in soft rock, and why instances of cable rupture are confined to hard, blocky rock masses.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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