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  • 1
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    Embryonic, larval and juvenile development of tropical sea urchin, Diadema setosum (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778), is one of the common echinoids widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, where it occurs from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa to Japan, Australia and Malaysia. To investigate the developmental basis of morphological changes in embryos and larvae, we documented the ontogeny of D. setosum in a controlled laboratory condition at the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, during July–September, 2012. Matured gametes were obtained from the adult individuals and the eggs fertilized at limited sperm concentration (10-5 dilution). The obtained embryos were then reared at 24-25oC. First cleavage (2-cell), 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, 32-cell and multi-cell (Morulla) stages were attained at 01.20, 02.14, 02.44, 03.09, 03.32 and 03.54 h after fertilization, respectively. Blastulae with a mean length of 111.47±1.88 µm (mean±SD) hatched 08.45 h after sperm entry. Gastrula formed 16.36 h post-fertilization and the archenteron extended constantly, while the ectodermal red-pigmented cells migrated synchronously to the apical plate. The pluteus larva started to feed unicellular algae (Chaetoceros calcitrans) in 2 d, grew continuously, and finally attained metamorphic competence within 35 d after fertilization. Induction of metamorphosis took approximately 1 h 30 min from attachment on the substratum to the complete resorption of larval tissues and the development of complete juvenile structure with adult spines, extended tubefeet and well-developed pedicellaria, the whole event usually took place within 1 d post-settlement. The newly formed juvenile (473.16 ± 6.96 µm, n=30) with a complete adult structure then grew on coralline algae to 3-month old juvenile, which represents the “sea urchin seed” for stocking in grow-out culture. This study represents the first successful investigation on embryonic, larval and early juvenile development of D. setosum. The findings would greatly be helpful towards the development of breeding and seed production techniques for aquaculture of sea urchins.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Sea urchin ; Diadema setosum ; Embryo ; Larva ; Juvenile ; Development ; Pulau Pangkor
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.409-424
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  • 2
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    Effects of Salinity on Embryonic and Early Larval Development of a Tropical Sea Urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Effects of salinity on fertilization, embryonic stage, and early larval development and growth performances of short-spined white sea urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides were conducted under a controlled laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out with seven salinity treatments (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 PSU), each of which was triplicated. Significantly highest fertilization success was achieved at 30 PSU, followed by those at 25, 35, 20, 40 and 45 PSU, while the lowest value was obtained at 15 PSU, decreased with increasing and decreasing salinities (p〈.05).The time required to reach these embryonic and larval stages was increased with the salinity deviations from 30 till the extent to 25 and 35 PSU. No significant differences (p〉.05) were noted among these three salinity levels on prism larval length and width. However, significance differences (p〉.05) were noted in morphometric characters of 2-arm and 4-arm pluteus larvae. The findings of the this study indicate that S. sphaeroides is stenohaline and do not survive and develop out of the range from 25 to 35 PSU.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Salmacis sphaeroides ; Sea urchin ; Salinity ; Embryo ; Larvae development
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.456-468
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  • 3
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    Effects of Salinity on Embryonic and Early Larval Development of a Tropical Sea Urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22700 | 18721 | 2018-05-16 20:29:56 | 22700 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Effects of salinity on fertilization, embryonic stage, and early larval development and growth performances of short-spined white sea urchin, Salmacis sphaeroides were conducted under a controlled laboratory condition. The experiment was carried out with seven salinity treatments (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 PSU), each of which was triplicated. Significantly highest fertilization success was achieved at 30 PSU, followed by those at 25, 35, 20, 40 and 45 PSU, while the lowest value was obtained at 15 PSU, decreased with increasing and decreasing salinities (p〈.05).The time required to reach these embryonic and larval stages was increased with the salinity deviations from 30 till the extent to 25 and 35 PSU. No significant differences (p〉.05) were noted among these three salinity levels on prism larval length and width. However, significance differences (p〉.05) were noted in morphometric characters of 2-arm and 4-arm pluteus larvae. The findings of the this study indicate that S. sphaeroides is stenohaline and do not survive and develop out of the range from 25 to 35 PSU.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Salmacis sphaeroides ; Sea urchin ; Salinity ; Embryo ; Larvae development ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 456-468
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Embryonic, larval and juvenile development of tropical sea urchin, Diadema setosum (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22785 | 18721 | 2018-05-22 18:06:23 | 22785 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778), is one of the common echinoids widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, where it occurs from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and the east coast of Africa to Japan, Australia and Malaysia. To investigate the developmental basis of morphological changes in embryos and larvae, we documented the ontogeny of D. setosum in a controlled laboratory condition at the Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, during July–September, 2012. Matured gametes were obtained from the adult individuals and the eggs fertilized at limited sperm concentration (10^-5 dilution). The obtained embryos were then reared at 24-25°C. First cleavage (2-cell), 4-cell, 8-cell, 16-cell, 32-cell and multi-cell (Morulla) stages were attained at 01.20, 02.14, 02.44, 03.09, 03.32 and 03.54 h after fertilization, respectively. Blastulae with a mean length of 111.47±1.88 µm (mean±SD) hatched 08.45 h after sperm entry. Gastrula formed 16.36 h post-fertilization and the archenteron extended constantly, while the ectodermal red-pigmented cells migrated synchronously to the apical plate. The pluteus larva started to feed unicellular algae (Chaetoceros calcitrans) in 2 d, grew continuously, and finally attained metamorphic competence within 35 d after fertilization. Induction of metamorphosis took approximately 1 h 30 min from attachment on the substratum to the complete resorption of larval tissues and the development of complete juvenile structure with adult spines, extended tubefeet and well-developed pedicellaria, the whole event usually took place within 1 d post-settlement. The newly formed juvenile (473.16 ± 6.96 µm, n=30) with a complete adult structure then grew on coralline algae to 3-month old juvenile, which represents the "sea urchin seed" for stocking in grow-out culture. This study represents the first successful investigation on embryonic, larval and early juvenile development of D. setosum. The findings would greatly be helpful towards the development of breeding and seed production techniques for aquaculture of sea urchins.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Fisheries ; Sea urchin ; Diadema setosum ; Embryo ; Larva ; Juvenile ; Development ; Pulau Pangkor ; aquaculture ; Pacific Ocean ; Red Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Africa ; Japan ; Australia ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 409-424
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER (OA)
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