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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubulin dimer formation via the release of α- and β-tubulin monomers from multimolecular complexes (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 23 (1992), S. 222-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: native electrophoresis ; tubulin isotypes ; dimerization ; complexes ; GTP binding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The functional subunit of microtubules is a heterodimer consisting of α- and β-tubulin. An understanding of tubulin dimerization has been hampered because it has not proved possible to purify native tubulin monomers. To study the process whereby tubulin dimers are formed, we made use of tubulins synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation. We present evidence that the in vitro synthesis of different mouse α-tubulin isotypes involves a multimolecular complex. The synthesis of mouse β-tubulin isotypes also involves the formation of multimolecular complexes, though different isotypes behave somewhat differently from one another. The properties of in vitro synthesized α- and β-tubulin multimolecular complexes strongly suggest that they are intermediates in the biosynthesis of tubulin monomers. Upon release, these monomers can exchange with pre-existing tubulin heterodimers. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970230306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotinylation of proteins on the surface of zona-free mouse oocytes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Oocyte ; Mouse ; Surface labelling ; Proteins ; Biotinylation ; Chemiluminescence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In this study, we have labelled proteins on the surface of unfertilized, zona-free mouse oocytes using a nonisotopic biotinylation procedure. The zona pellucida was weakened by brief incubation in chymotrypsin and removed by mechanical pipetting through a narrow-bore glass pipette. Surface proteins were labelled using sulfo-NHS-biotin (sulfosuccinimidobiotin), a water-soluble, membrane-impermeable biotinylation reagent. The distribution of biotinylated proteins on the oocyte surface was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using streptavidin-FITC. Bright fluorescence was noted on the surface of the oocyte, except in a circular region overlying the meiotic spindle where the fluorescence was weak or absent. The intensity of fluorescence was markedly reduced by incubation of biotinylated oocytes in trypsin (1 mg/ml) or chymotrypsin (2 mg/ml), and in vitro fertilization experiments showed that biotinylation did not compromise the fertilizability of the oocytes. The biotinylated proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed by Western blotting using streptavidin-HRP and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) detection. The most prominent biotinylated proteins were of Mr 82 and 69 kD, but other major proteins of Mr 93, 78, 61, 52, 49, 40, 28, and 22 kD were detected, as well as 14 minor proteins of Mr 18-100 kD. The major bands could be detected in fewer than 50 oocytes. This biotinylation procedure is fast, versatile and sensitive, and it is therefore an excellent tool for studying proteins exposed on the surface of mammalian oocytes and embryos. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple effects of seminal plasma on the acrosome reaction of human sperm (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 35 (1993), S. 316-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Capacitation ; Progesterone ; Ionomycin ; Follicular fluid ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mammalian sperm do not respond to inducers of the acrosome reaction immediately after ejaculation. They become responsive after they are removed from seminal plasma and incubated in an appropriate medium. We tested the effects of seminal plasma on the development of acrosomal responsiveness. Washed human sperm incubated 24 hr in vitro with 10% (v/v) seminal plasma did not complete an acrosome reaction when exposed to human follicular fluid, progesterone, or ionomycin. Seminal plasma did not reduce sperm viability or motility. Electron microscopy of sperm incubated 24 hr with 5% seminal plasma and then treated with progesterone revealed no sign of membrane fusion or other changes that are associated with the acrosome reaction. During a 12-hr incubation, seminal plasma was 50% effective at inhibiting the acrosomal response to progesterone when diluted 821 ± 112 foid (mean ±SD, n = 3). Sperm that were incubated with seminal plasma for 24 hr and then washed free of the seminal plasma became acrosomally responsive over the following 24 hr, at a rate similar to that of sperm not incubated with seminal plasma in vitro. When sperm were incubated 6 hr without seminal plasma and then seminal plasma was added, the sperm population transiently became more responsive to progesterone, and then became unresponsive. During incubation in vitro, the ability of sperm to have an augmented response to a mixture of seminal plasma plus progesterone developed slightly earlier and more rapidly than ability to respond to progesterone alone. When sperm were incubated 24 hr without seminal plasma, a few acrosome reacted in response to the addition of seminal plasma alone. Therefore, depending on how it is applied, seminal plasma can prevent or reverse the development of acrosomal responsiveness, and it can enhance or induce the acrosome reaction. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080350314
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of oocyte maturation in a crinoid echinoderm, Oxycomanthus japonicus: A time-lapse study by serial biopsy (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 198 (1988), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Natural maturation of the oocytes of Oxycomanthus japonicus can be predicte in advance, and the multiple ovaries permit unintrusive serial biopsies. Ovaries were fixed for transmission electron micrscopy at 15-min intervals before, during, and after oocyte maturation. The start of maturation of each oocyte is signaled by the breakdown of the germinal vesicle and the disruption of a macula adhaerens associating the oocyte with nongerminal cells of the ovary. This disruption is followed by an ovulation of the oocyte into the ovarian lumen. Ovulation takes about 1 hr, and a continuous vitelline coat is produced around the oocyte during this interval. Within the oocyte cytoplasm, patches of nuage and the annulate lamellae disappear at 30 and 45 min after the start of oocyte maturation, respectively. Micropapillae become transiently abundant at the oocyte surface both at the time of germinal vesicle breakdown and around the time when the first and second polar bodies are produced. Oocyte maturation takes about 2 hr from start to finish, and the emission of the second polar body marks the beginning of the stage of the ovum. Within the cytoplasm of the ovum, the haploid chromosomes develop into chromosome-containing vesicles, which later fuse into a single female pronucleus. Pronuclear ova are retained in the ovarian lumen for about 1 hr and are then spawned into the surrounding seawater, where fertilization takes place.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051980207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A light microscopic study of the mononuclear cells infiltrating skin homografts in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis (Reptilia: Colubridae)Submitted to the State University of New York, Upstate Medical Center, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Supported by Training grant GM-00326 and Research grant HD-03484 from the National Institutes of Health. (1972)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 137 (1972), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rejection of skin homografts in the snake, Thamnophis sirtalis is preceded by an infiltration of mononuclear cells into the graft bed. The initial arrangement of infiltrating cells in perivascular halos suggests that these cells emigrate from the blood stream of the host. A cytological study showed that the vast majority of the cells can be classified as small and mediumsized lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Early stages of infiltration were associated with large proportions of lymphocytes while later stages were characterized by a predominance of macrophages. It was concluded that the mononuclear cells associated with graft rejection include large proportions of lymphocytes and macrophages and not just one kind of lymphoid cell.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051370203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ovarian cycle of the ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)Paper no. 349 from the Department of Genetics, Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. (1945)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 77 (1945), S. 351-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050770305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of early tooth formation in an lguanid lizard, Anolis carolinensis (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 165-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytodifferentiation and hard tissue formation were studied in Anolis to collect information regarding the phylogenetic history of enamel and the functional significance of the events seen in the mammalian tooth during differentiation. The differentiation of the ameloblasts of Anolis, like that of mammals, shows two phases: In the early phase, the cells are short and rich in free ribosomes, in the late phase the cells elongate, develop an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus moves into that part of the cell next to the basal lamina (the cell apex). The early epithelial-mesenchymal interface resembles that of mammals, suggesting that early mechanisms of induction and epithelial-mesenchymal interaction are similar in Anolis and in mammals.Preameloblast processes and preameloblast-preodontoblast contacts in Anolis are rudimentary compared to those of mammals. While in mammals the preameloblast processes shape the future DEJ (dentin-enamel junction), their involvement in establishing the shape of the DEJ of Anolis is questionable. We suggest that the great development of preameloblast-preodontoblast contacts in mammals may simply increase the efficiency of inductive interactions between these cell types.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcellular distribution of peptides associated with gastric mucosal healing and neoplasia (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 234-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Immunolocalisation ; Electron microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; hSP ; pS2 ; TFG α ; EGFR ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The trefoil peptides pS2 and human spasmolytic peptide are putative growth factors, particularly associated with mucus-producing cells of the gastrointestinal tract including those of the stomach. The receptor for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF α) takes its name from one of its alternative ligands, epidermal growth factor and is called the epidermal growth factor receptor. Although there is immunoreactive epidermal growth factor in the stomach, it is TGF α and the epidermal growth factor receptor that are abundant. Immunolabelling at electron microscope level allows for subcellular localisation of antigens; pS2 and human spasmolytic peptide co-localise to cytomembranes, including the Golgi apparatus, and thecae of surface/pit mucous cells. TGF α is abundant on the membranes of tubulovesicles of parietal cells and is also present in chief cells: in mucous producing cells it can be detected but not in association with mucous. The distribution of the epidermal growth factor receptor mimics that of TGF α but with preferential clustering on the basolateral membranes of gastric cells. The trefoil peptides are associated with healing and probably act, together with mucus, to protect the gastric mucosa and maintain a viable environment. TGF α, transduced via the epidermal growth factor receptor, inhibits gastric acid secretion, thus aids the trefoils in the maintenance of a gastric microenvironment conducive to healing after damage. TGF α, however, is also a potent mitogen; while this property plays a vital part in repairing mucosal defects, if this peptide or indeed its receptor are overexpressed, the result can be neoplasia. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070310307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy of the gap junction: A historical perspective (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 338-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Gap junctions ; Intercellular communication ; Cell-to-cell channels ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Gap junctions were discovered more than three decades ago, and since this time, enormous strides have been made in understanding their structure and function. This article summarises the part played by microscopy, within the context of multidisciplinary research, in the historical development of our knowledge of the gap junction. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070310503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myocardial gap junction organization in ischemia and infarction (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Gap junctions ; Myocardium ; Ischemia ; Hypoxia ; Freeze fracture ; Immunohistochemistry ; Connexin43 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Ischemia causes an increase in myocardial resistivity and a decrease in conduction velocity, thereby enhancing cardiac contractile dysfunction and arrhythmic tendency. Myocardial gap junctions, as principal determinants of conduction velocity, may, therefore, be expected to be deranged in ischemia. Despite a lack of consensus, attempts at correlating gap junction ultrastructural morphology with functional state have revealed the component connexons of gap junctions in freeze-fractured myocardium to be in multiple small hexagonal arrays, tending to become randomly distributed and compacted under uncoupling conditions. Further hypoxic uncoupling causes ultrastructural damage and a reduction in gap-junctional surface area. Immunohistochemical detection of connexin43 gap junctions in chronically ischemic non-infarcted human myocardium demonstrates a reduction in junctional surface area within a normal number of intercalated disks per myocyte, and with a normal distribution of junction sizes. In healed canine infarction there are smaller and fewer gap junctions in the fibrotic myocardium adjacent to infarcts, with reductions in overall gap-junctional content and the proportion of side-to-side vs. end-to-end intercellular connections. Immunohistochemical examination of intact human ventricular myocardium shows the myocytes immediately abutting healed infarcts to hve connexin43 gap junctions spread longitudinally over the cell surfaces, and not in discrete transversely orienated intercalated disks as in normal myocardium. Early after canine infarction, and before fibrotic healing, the connexin43 gap junctions in myocytes abutting the infarct show disorganization similar to that described in healed human infarcts, suggesting that this disturbance is an early pathophysiological cellular response, and not simply due to later fibrotic distortion. Such changes in gap-junctional organization in myocardial ischemia and infarction may be implicated in the elusive link between subcellular structure, contractile dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070310507
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