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Quantitative analysis of rod-cored vesicles and dense granules of large granular lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of rats (1994)

Kaneda, Kenji ; Pilaro, Anne M. ; Sayers, Thoma J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 276 (1994), S. 187-195

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Rod-coredvesicles ; Granules ; Lymphocytes ; Liver ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Fischer F344/NCR)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) comprise a natural defense system in the liver and exert an inhibitory effect on tumor cell metastasis. In order to demonstrate the maturation of LGL in the liver from the morphological aspect, we evaluated electron-microscopically the frequency of 0.2 μm vesicles (rod-cored and “empty” vesicles) and dense granules in LGL from the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood of the rat. Both of these cell organelles are characteristic to LGL and may relate to natural killer-mediated cytolysis. On the average, there were 12.7 of the 0.2 μm vesicles and 4.3 rod-cored vesicles (RCV) per cell section in the liver, 6.6 0.2 μm vesicles and 1.6 RCV in the spleen, and 8.6 0.2 μm vesicles and 0.9 RCV in the peripheral blood. The number of 0.2 μm vesicles per cell section ranged from 0 to 19 with the exception of a few higher instances. Therefore, LGL were divided into vesicle-rich(〉9 0.2 μm vesicles per cell section) and vesicle-poor (〈8 per cell section) populations. Hepatic LGL consisted mainly of a vesicle-rich population while splenic LGL consisted mainly of a vesicle-poor population, and peripheral blood contained equal proportions of both populations. In addition to diversity with regard to the number of 0.2 μm vesicles, LGL obtained from various organs also displayed heterogeneity in the number and size of dense granules. Since the number of dense granules per cell section usually ranged from 1 to 13, LGL were diveded into 2 populations, i.e., LGL with many (〉7 per cell section) granules and those with a few(〈6 per cell section) granules. Specifically, splenic LGL had a few small (average diameter, less than 400 nm) dense granules, while sections of LGL from the liver and peripheral blood displayed many small dense granules and a few large (〉400 nm) ones, respectively, in addition to the populations seen in the spleen. Thus, the present study has demonstrateda difference in the distribution of 0.2 μm vesicles in LGL based on the tissue of origin. The present study has revealed the difference in the distribution of 0.2 μm vesicles of LGL by tissue and indicated that immature LGL are predominant in the spleen, while hepatic LGL are generally more mature as defined by the number of vesicles. These data suggest that the microenvironment of the liver may contribute to the increased expression of these vesicles in LGL.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354799

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Molecular genetics and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (1988)

Gonda, Matthew A.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 8 (1988), S. 17-40

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ISSN: 0741-0581

Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Heteroduplex mapping ; Lentiviruses ; Retroviruses ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: A novel human lymphotropic virus capable of crippling the immune system by infecting and destroying T4 antigen-positive cells is now known to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The AIDS or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belongs to a family of RNA viruses called retroviruses. Several strains of HIV have been molecularly cloned, and DNA sequence comparisons have established that the proviral DNA genome is 9.7 kilobase pairs. The genome possesses characteristic retrovirus features including structural genes, flanked by long terminal repeats, in the order gag, pol, and env and, in addition, four unique nonstructural genes, several of which appear to be essential in regulating virus replication. Electron microscopy has played an important role in elucidating structural, genetic, and molecular properties of HIV and has aided in its classification as a member of the Lentivirnae retrovirus subfamily. Heteroduplex mapping methodologies pertinent to these findings are described. Although the relationships show considerable divergence, the similarities between HIV and lentiviruses are profound and encompass an indistinguishable morphology, genome sequence homology and topography, genomic diversity, and overlapping biology, including a preference for infecting cells of the immune system, a cytopathic effect in vitro, and the ability to produce a persistent, slowly progressing, degenerative disease in vivo. The newest HIV class (HIV-2) has recently been molecularly characterized. HIV-2 also bears all the hallmarks of a lentivirus but is more closely related to simian immunodeficiency viruses than the previously described HIV-1, despite a similar biology. The HIV-lentivirus phylogenetic relationship has broad implications for the AIDS disease process and has given new importance to the study of the natural history and pathogenesis of animal lentiviruses in searching for clues to prevent the spread of AIDS.

Additional Material: 12 Ill.