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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 798-802 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Training simulator ; Endoluminal repair ; Stent-grafts ; Simulating fluoroscopic imaging ; Endovascular repair ; Aortic aneurysms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The design and development of a simulator for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is described. The simulator consists of an interchangeable model of a human AAA based on computed tomography data and is produced by means of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) techniques. The model has renal, iliac, and femoral arteries, and is perfused with a temperature controlled blood–analog fluid under simulated physiological flow conditions. “Fluoroscopic imaging” is simulated by a computerized imaging system that uses visible light. A movable video camera relays images in the antero–posterior and lateral planes of the AAA to a monitor. The imaging system allows “arteriography” and “road-mapping” to be performed so as to facilitate accurate deployment of endovascular stent-grafts. The system has been used for teaching and demonstrating endovascular techniques to clinicians, as well as the evaluation of new stent-graft devices. Its successful incorporation into endovascular workshops has demonstrated its role in the training of clinicians in endovascular repair of AAA. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 0150-i, 8745Hw, 8759Fm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 32 (1976), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Edaphic climax ; Ohio ; Relict ; Topo-edaphic climax ; Tsuga canadensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tsuga canadensis is the dominant in four topo-edaphic associations and one edaphic association in Ohio. WhileTsuga may occur withPinus strobus and a variety of deciduous trees (e.g.,Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum) in these communities, only hemlock is persistently reproducing. As compared with the contiguous mesophytic deciduous forest, these associations have a depauperate understory, a possible consequence of the shallow and generally coarse soils and low light intensity in these habitat types. The narrow gorge microhabitat of theT. canadensis-Dryopteris intermedia habitat type and the northerly exposure of theT. canadensis-D. marginales habitat type with lower light intensity and lower evapotranspiration allow the establishment and maintenance of hemlock to the exclusion of most deciduous tree species. In addition, the gorges provide some fire protection, and due to their general inaccessibility, protection from logging. These Ohio hemlock associations bear little floristic similarity to the more extensive climatic climax hemlock communities in southern Ontario, possibly reflecting elimination of most boreal associates in Ohio with climatic change since the end of the Pleistocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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