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Moving in the Anthropocene: Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements (2018)

Tucker, M. A., Böhning-Gaese, K., Fagan, W. F., Fryxell, J. M., Van Moorter, B., Alberts, S. C., Ali, A. H., Allen, A. M., Attias, N., Avgar, T., Bartlam-Brooks, H., Bayarbaatar, B., Belant, J. L., Bertassoni, A., Beyer, D., Bidner, L., van Beest, F. M., Blake, S., Blaum, N., Bracis, C., Brown, D., de Bruyn, P. J. N., Cagnacci, F., Calabrese, J. M., Camilo-Alves, C., Chamaille-Jammes, S., Chiaradia, A., Davidson, S. C., Dennis, T., De; Stefano, S., Diefenbach, D., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Fennessy, J., Fichtel, C., Fiedler, W., Fischer, C., Fischhoff, I., Fleming, C. H., Ford, A. T., Fritz, S. A., Gehr, B., Goheen, J. R., Gurarie, E., Hebblewhite, M., Heurich, M., Hewison, A. J. M., Hof, C., Hurme, E., Isbell, L. A., Janssen, R., Jeltsch, F., Kaczensky, P., Kane, A., Kappeler, P. M., Kauffman, M., Kays, R., Kimuyu, D., Koch, F., Kranstauber, B., La; Point, S., Leimgruber, P., Linnell, J. D. C., Lopez-Lopez, P., Markham, A. C., Mattisson, J., Medici, E. P., Mellone, U., Merrill, E., de Miranda Mourao, G., Morato, R. G., Morellet, N., Morrison, T. A., Diaz-Munoz, S. L., Mysterud, A., Nandintsetseg, D., Nathan, R., Niamir, A., Odden, J., OHara, R. B., Oliveira-Santos, L. G. R., Olson, K. A., Patterson, B. D., Cunha de Paula, R., Pedrotti, L., Reineking, B., Rimmler, M., Rogers, T. L., Rolandsen, C. M., Rosenberry, C. S., Rubenstein, D. I., Safi, K., Saïd, S., Sapir, N., Sawyer, H., Schmidt, N. M., Selva, N., Sergiel, A., Shiilegdamba, E., Silva, J. P., Singh, N., Solberg, E. J., Spiegel, O., Strand, O., Sundaresan, S., Ullmann, W., Voigt, U., Wall, J., Wattles, D., Wikelski, M., Wilmers, C. C., Wilson, J. W., Wittemyer, G., Zieba, F., Zwijacz-Kozica, T., Mueller, T.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-26

Beschreibung: Animal movement is fundamental for ecosystem functioning and species survival, yet the effects of the anthropogenic footprint on animal movements have not been estimated across species. Using a unique GPS-tracking database of 803 individuals across 57 species, we found that movements of mammals in areas with a comparatively high human footprint were on average one-half to one-third the extent of their movements in areas with a low human footprint. We attribute this reduction to behavioral changes of individual animals and to the exclusion of species with long-range movements from areas with higher human impact. Global loss of vagility alters a key ecological trait of animals that affects not only population persistence but also ecosystem processes such as predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling, and disease transmission.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Response to Comment on "Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale" (2018)

La; Manna, J. A., Mangan, S. A., Alonso, A., Bourg, N. A., Brockelman, W. Y., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chang, L.-W., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong, G. B., Clay, K., Cordell, S., Davies, S. J., Furniss, T. J., Giardina, C. P., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Gunatilleke, C. V. S., He, F., Howe, R. W., Hubbell, S. P., Hsieh, C.-F., Inman-Narahari, F. M., Janik, D., Johnson, D. J., Kenfack, D., Korte, L., Kral, K., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., McMahon, S. M., McShea, W. J., Memiaghe, H. R., Nathalang, A., Novotny, V., Ong, P. S., Orwig, D. A., Ostertag, R., Parker, G. G., Phillips, R. P., Sack, L., Sun, I.-F., Tello, J. S., Thomas, D. W., Turner, B. L., Vela Diaz, D. M., Vrska, T., Weiblen, G. D., Wolf, A., Yap, S., Myers, J. A.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-05-25

Beschreibung: Chisholm and Fung claim that our method of estimating conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) in recruitment is systematically biased, and present an alternative method that shows no latitudinal pattern in CNDD. We demonstrate that their approach produces strongly biased estimates of CNDD, explaining why they do not detect a latitudinal pattern. We also address their methodological concerns using an alternative distance-weighted approach, which supports our original findings of a latitudinal gradient in CNDD and a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale (2017)

La; Manna, J. A., Mangan, S. A., Alonso, A., Bourg, N. A., Brockelman, W. Y., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chang, L.-W., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong, G. B., Clay, K., Condit, R., Cordell, S., Davies, S. J., Furniss, T. J., Giardina, C. P., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Gunatilleke, C. V. S., He, F., Howe, R. W., Hubbell, S. P., Hsieh, C.-F., Inman-Narahari, F. M., Janik, D., Johnson, D. J., Kenfack, D., Korte, L., Kral, K., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., McMahon, S. M., McShea, W. J., Memiaghe, H. R., Nathalang, A., Novotny, V., Ong, P. S., Orwig, D. A., Ostertag, R., Parker, G. G., Phillips, R. P., Sack, L., Sun, I.-F., Tello, J. S., Thomas, D. W., Turner, B. L., Vela Diaz, D. M., Vrska, T., Weiblen, G. D., Wolf, A., Yap, S., Myers, J. A.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-30

Beschreibung: Theory predicts that higher biodiversity in the tropics is maintained by specialized interactions among plants and their natural enemies that result in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). By using more than 3000 species and nearly 2.4 million trees across 24 forest plots worldwide, we show that global patterns in tree species diversity reflect not only stronger CNDD at tropical versus temperate latitudes but also a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance. CNDD was stronger for rare species at tropical versus temperate latitudes, potentially causing the persistence of greater numbers of rare species in the tropics. Our study reveals fundamental differences in the nature of local-scale biotic interactions that contribute to the maintenance of species diversity across temperate and tropical communities.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

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Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Response to Comment on "Plant diversity increases with the strength of negative density dependence at the global scale" (2018)

La; Manna, J. A., Mangan, S. A., Alonso, A., Bourg, N. A., Brockelman, W. Y., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chang, L.-W., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong, G. B., Clay, K., Cordell, S., Davies, S. J., Furniss, T. J., Giardina, C. P., Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N., Gunatilleke, C. V. S., He, F., Howe, R. W., Hubbell, S. P., Hsieh, C.-F., Inman-Narahari, F. M., Janik, D., Johnson, D. J., Kenfack, D., Korte, L., Kral, K., Larson, A. J., Lutz, J. A., McMahon, S. M., McShea, W. J., Memiaghe, H. R., Nathalang, A., Novotny, V., Ong, P. S., Orwig, D. A., Ostertag, R., Parker, G. G., Phillips, R. P., Sack, L., Sun, I.-F., Tello, J. S., Thomas, D. W., Turner, B. L., Vela Diaz, D. M., Vrska, T., Weiblen, G. D., Wolf, A., Yap, S., Myers, J. A.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-05-25

Beschreibung: Hülsmann and Hartig suggest that ecological mechanisms other than specialized natural enemies or intraspecific competition contribute to our estimates of conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). To address their concern, we show that our results are not the result of a methodological artifact and present a null-model analysis that demonstrates that our original findings—(i) stronger CNDD at tropical relative to temperate latitudes and (ii) a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance—persist even after controlling for other processes that might influence spatial relationships between adults and recruits.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Impacts of species richness on productivity in a large-scale subtropical forest experiment (2018)

Huang, Y., Chen, Y., Castro-Izaguirre, N., Baruffol, M., Brezzi, M., Lang, A., Li, Y., Härdtle, W., von Oheimb, G., Yang, X., Liu, X., Pei, K., Both, S., Yang, B., Eichenberg, D., Assmann, T., Bauhus, J., Behrens, T., Buscot, F., Chen, X.-Y., Chesters, D., Ding, B.-Y., Durka, W., Erfmeier, A., Fang, J., Fischer, M., Guo, L.-D., Guo, D., Gutknecht, J. L. M., He, J.-S., He, C.-L., Hector, A., Hönig, L., Hu, R.-Y., Klein, A.-M., Kühn, P., Liang, Y., Li, S., Michalski, S., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmidt, K., Scholten, T., Schuldt, A., Shi, X., Tan, M.-Z., Tang, Z., Trogisch, S., Wang, Z., Welk, E., Wirth, C., Wubet, T., Xiang, W., Yu, M., Yu, X.-D., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, N., Zhou, H.-Z., Zhu, C.-D., Zhu, L., Bruelheide, H., Ma, K., Niklaus, P. A., Schmid, B.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-10-05

Beschreibung: Biodiversity experiments have shown that species loss reduces ecosystem functioning in grassland. To test whether this result can be extrapolated to forests, the main contributors to terrestrial primary productivity, requires large-scale experiments. We manipulated tree species richness by planting more than 150,000 trees in plots with 1 to 16 species. Simulating multiple extinction scenarios, we found that richness strongly increased stand-level productivity. After 8 years, 16-species mixtures had accumulated over twice the amount of carbon found in average monocultures and similar amounts as those of two commercial monocultures. Species richness effects were strongly associated with functional and phylogenetic diversity. A shrub addition treatment reduced tree productivity, but this reduction was smaller at high shrub species richness. Our results encourage multispecies afforestation strategies to restore biodiversity and mitigate climate change.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

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Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Endangered species recovery: A resource allocation problem (2018)

Gerber, L. R., Runge, M. C., Maloney, R. F., Iacona, G. D., Drew, C. A., Avery-Gomm, S., Brazill-Boast, J., Crouse, D., Epanchin-Niell, R. S., Hall, S. B., Maguire, L. A., Male, T., Morgan, D., Newman, J., Possingham, H. P., Rumpff, L., Weiss, K. C. B., Wilson, R. S., Zablan, M. A.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-10-19

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs (2018)

Lamb, J. B., Willis, B. L., Fiorenza, E. A., Couch, C. S., Howard, R., Rader, D. N., True, J. D., Kelly, L. A., Ahmad, A., Jompa, J., Harvell, C. D.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-26

Beschreibung: Plastic waste can promote microbial colonization by pathogens implicated in outbreaks of disease in the ocean. We assessed the influence of plastic waste on disease risk in 124,000 reef-building corals from 159 reefs in the Asia-Pacific region. The likelihood of disease increases from 4% to 89% when corals are in contact with plastic. Structurally complex corals are eight times more likely to be affected by plastic, suggesting that microhabitats for reef-associated organisms and valuable fisheries will be disproportionately affected. Plastic levels on coral reefs correspond to estimates of terrestrial mismanaged plastic waste entering the ocean. We estimate that 11.1 billion plastic items are entangled on coral reefs across the Asia-Pacific and project this number to increase 40% by 2025. Plastic waste management is critical for reducing diseases that threaten ecosystem health and human livelihoods.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

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Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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The extent of forest in dryland biomes (2017)

Bastin, J.-F., Berrahmouni, N., Grainger, A., Maniatis, D., Mollicone, D., Moore, R., Patriarca, C., Picard, N., Sparrow, B., Abraham, E. M., Aloui, K., Atesoglu, A., Attore, F., Bassüllü, C., Bey, A., Garzuglia, M., Garcia-Montero, L. G., Groot, N., Guerin, G., Laestadius, L., Lowe, A. J., Mamane, B., Marchi, G., Patterson, P., Rezende, M., Ricci, S., Salcedo, I., Diaz, A. S.-P., Stolle, F., Surappaeva, V., Castro, R.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-12

Beschreibung: Dryland biomes cover two-fifths of Earth’s land surface, but their forest area is poorly known. Here, we report an estimate of global forest extent in dryland biomes, based on analyzing more than 210,000 0.5-hectare sample plots through a photo-interpretation approach using large databases of satellite imagery at (i) very high spatial resolution and (ii) very high temporal resolution, which are available through the Google Earth platform. We show that in 2015, 1327 million hectares of drylands had more than 10% tree-cover, and 1079 million hectares comprised forest. Our estimate is 40 to 47% higher than previous estimates, corresponding to 467 million hectares of forest that have never been reported before. This increases current estimates of global forest cover by at least 9%.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations (2017)

Roslin, T., Hardwick, B., Novotny, V., Petry, W. K., Andrew, N. R., Asmus, A., Barrio, I. C., Basset, Y., Boesing, A. L., Bonebrake, T. C., Cameron, E. K., Dattilo, W., Donoso, D. A., Drozd, P., Gray, C. L., Hik, D. S., Hill, S. J., Hopkins, T., Huang, S., Koane, B., Laird-Hopkins, B., Laukkanen, L., Lewis, O. T., Milne, S., Mwesige, I., Nakamura, A., Nell, C. S., Nichols, E., Prokurat, A., Sam, K., Schmidt, N. M., Slade, A., Slade, V., Suchankova, A., Teder, T., van Nouhuys, S., Vandvik, V., Weissflog, A., Zhukovich, V., Slade, E. M.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2017-05-19

Beschreibung: Biotic interactions underlie ecosystem structure and function, but predicting interaction outcomes is difficult. We tested the hypothesis that biotic interaction strength increases toward the equator, using a global experiment with model caterpillars to measure predation risk. Across an 11,660-kilometer latitudinal gradient spanning six continents, we found increasing predation toward the equator, with a parallel pattern of increasing predation toward lower elevations. Patterns across both latitude and elevation were driven by arthropod predators, with no systematic trend in attack rates by birds or mammals. These matching gradients at global and regional scales suggest consistent drivers of biotic interaction strength, a finding that needs to be integrated into general theories of herbivory, community organization, and life-history evolution.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

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Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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A global atlas of the dominant bacteria found in soil (2018)

Delgado-Baquerizo, M., Oliverio, A. M., Brewer, T. E., Benavent-Gonzalez, A., Eldridge, D. J., Bardgett, R. D., Maestre, F. T., Singh, B. K., Fierer, N.

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science

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Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-19

Beschreibung: The immense diversity of soil bacterial communities has stymied efforts to characterize individual taxa and document their global distributions. We analyzed soils from 237 locations across six continents and found that only 2% of bacterial phylotypes (~500 phylotypes) consistently accounted for almost half of the soil bacterial communities worldwide. Despite the overwhelming diversity of bacterial communities, relatively few bacterial taxa are abundant in soils globally. We clustered these dominant taxa into ecological groups to build the first global atlas of soil bacterial taxa. Our study narrows down the immense number of bacterial taxa to a "most wanted" list that will be fruitful targets for genomic and cultivation-based efforts aimed at improving our understanding of soil microbes and their contributions to ecosystem functioning.

Schlagwort(e): Ecology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik

Publiziert von American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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