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  • 1
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    Echo detection and target-ranging neurons in the auditory system of the bat Eptesicus fuscus (1978)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1978-11-10
    Description: Some of the neurons in the nucleus intercollicularis and auditory cortex of the echolocating bat Eptesicus fuscus respond selectively to sonar echoes occurring with specific echo delays or pulse-echo intervals. They do not respond for a wide range of other types of sounds or for sonar echoes at longer or shorter pulse-echo intervals; they may, therefore, be specialized for detection and ranging of sonar targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, A S -- Simmons, J A -- Kick, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):645-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/705350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Cortex/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Inferior Colliculi/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Perception of echo phase information in bat sonar (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-06-22
    Description: Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can detect changes as small as 500 nanoseconds in the arrival time of sonar echoes when these changes appear as jitter or alternations in arrival time from one echo to the next. The psychophysical function relating the bat's performance to the magnitude of the jitter corresponds to the half-wave rectified cross-correlation function between the emitted sonar signals and the echoes. The bat perceives the phase or period structure of the sounds, which cover the 25- to 100-kilohertz frequency range, as these are represented in the auditory system after peripheral transformation. The acoustic image of a sonar target is apparently derived from time-domain or periodicity information processing by the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jun 22;204(4399):1336-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/451543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Movement ; Orientation/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Echolocation in bats: the external ear and perception of the vertical positions of targets (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) can perceive changes of as little as 3 degrees of arc in the vertical angles separating pairs of horizontal rods. This acuity depends upon modification of sounds entering the external ear canal by the structures of the external ear. Deflection of the tragus degrades the acuity of vertical-angle perception from 3 degrees to about 12 degrees to 14 degrees. The pinna-tragus structure produces a strong secondary echo of sounds entering the external ear canal, and the delay of this echo after the time when the sound directly enters the ear canal apparently encodes the vertical direction of a sound source.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawrence, B D -- Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):481-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Ear, External/physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Ultrasonics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Echolocation and pursuit of prey by bats (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-01-05
    Description: Echolocating bats use different information-gathering strategies for hunting prey in open, uncluttered environments, in relatively open environments with some obstacles, and in densely cluttered environments. These situations differ in the extent to which individual targets such as flying insects can be detected as isolated objects or must be separated perceptually from backgrounds. Echolocating bats also differ in whether they use high-resolution, multidimensional images of targets or concentrate specifically on one particular target dimension, such as movement, to detect prey.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, J A -- Fenton, M B -- O'Farrell, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/758674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Environment ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Ultrasonics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Sonar tracking of horizontally moving targets by the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-06-14
    Description: When following a moving target, echolocating bats (Eptesicus fuscus) keep their heads aimed at the target's position. This tracking behavior seems not to involve predicting the target's trajectory, but is achieved by the bat's pointing its head at the target's last known position. The bat obtains frequent position updates by emitting sonar signals at a high rate. After the lag between head and target positions and the nonunity tracking gain were corrected for, bats' tracking accuracy in the horizontal plane was +/- 1.6 degree.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masters, W M -- Moffat, A J -- Simmons, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1331-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4001947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Head ; Orientation/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The track structures of ionizing particles and their application to radiation biophysics (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 175-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Alpha particle ; Deuteron ; Proton ; Biophysical modeling ; Radiation quality influence ; Bacillus subtilis ; DNA density ; Monte Carlo calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  A new approach to the interpretation of the effects of radiation on cells is described, in which sample particle tracks are constructed using a Monte Carlo computer program and the exposure of cellular targets to these tracks is simulated using a second program known as BIOPHYS. Data on the shapes and DNA contents of the cell nuclei are obtained from the literature. It is assumed that the sensitive material is DNA, and that the target is divided into cubes of approximately 2 nm (the diameter of the DNA helix) per side; the numbers of these cubes containing different numbers of ionizations are derived. Two different methods of analysing the output of BIOPHYS are described. In the first, it is assumed that lethality is caused by the occurrence of a number of ionizations equal to or greater than a certain threshold in one cube; in the second method, it is assumed that only two ionizations are required, in different parts of the cube, but that only some fraction of the cube is sensitive. These models have been applied to the interpretation of the variation of radiosensitivity with a linear energy transfer (LET) of spores of Bacillus subtilis exposed wet and dry, and good fits to the published experimental data were obtained using both models. Fits to experimental data for a range of other cell lines will be presented in a second paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050153
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The track structures of ionizing particles and their application to radiation biophysics (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Keywords: Key words Alpha-particle ; Deuteron ; Proton ; Biophysical modelling ; Radiosensitivity ; Bacillus subtilis ; Haploid yeast ; Human diploid fibroblasts ; DNA repair systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Using knowledge of the track structure generated by ionizing particles together with details of the organisms being irradiated, the application of a new analytical method to two biophysical models to explain the inactivation of cells by radiation has been developed. It is shown that both models are equally successful in predicting experimental results and that good agreement is found with the data for single-strand phage, Bacillus subtilis spores, various strains of Escherichia coli, haploid and diploid yeast, and human diploid fibroblasts. The only significant discrepancy arose with T1-phage, for which a tentative explanation is offered. The differences in inherent radiosensitivity between organisms, after allowance is made for differences in target size, are attributed to differences in enzymatic repair systems and in the packing of the DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050165
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