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  • 1
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    Analysis of stratocumulus cloud fields using LANDSAT imagery: Size distributions and spatial separations (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Stratocumulus cloud fields in the FIRE IFO region are analyzed using LANDSAT Thematic Mapper imagery. Structural properties such as cloud cell size distribution, cell horizontal aspect ratio, fractional coverage and fractal dimension are determined. It is found that stratocumulus cloud number densities are represented by a power law. Cell horizontal aspect ratio has a tendency to increase at large cell sizes, and cells are bi-fractal in nature. Using LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner imagery for twelve selected stratocumulus scenes acquired during previous years, similar structural characteristics are obtained. Cloud field spatial organization also is analyzed. Nearest-neighbor spacings are fit with a number of functions, with Weibull and Gamma distributions providing the best fits. Poisson tests show that the spatial separations are not random. Second order statistics are used to examine clustering.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Langley Research Center, FIRE Science Results 1988; p 277
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Cloud field classification based upon high spatial resolution textural features. I - Gray level co-occurrence matrix approach (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Stratocumulus, cumulus, and cirrus clouds were identified on the basis of cloud textural features which were derived from a single high-resolution Landsat MSS NIR channel using a stepwise linear discriminant analysis. It is shown that, using this method, it is possible to distinguish high cirrus clouds from low clouds with high accuracy on the basis of spatial brightness patterns. The largest probability of misclassification is associated with confusion between the stratocumulus breakup regions and the fair-weather cumulus.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 12663-12
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Impacts of Interannual Climate Variability on Agricultural and Marine Ecosystems (2001)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of global interannual climate variability, and seems to be the only mode for which current prediction methods are more skillful than climatology or persistence. The Zebiak and Cane intermediate coupled ocean-atmosphere model has been in use for ENSO prediction for more than a decade, with notable success. However, the sole dependence of its original initialization scheme and the improved initialization on wind fields derived from merchant ship observations proved to be a liability during 1997/1998 El Nino event: the deficiencies of wind observations prevented the oceanic component of the model from reaching the realistic state during the year prior to the event, and the forecast failed. Our work on the project was concentrated on the use of satellite data for improving various stages of ENSO prediction technology: model initialization, bias correction, and data assimilation. Close collaboration with other teams of the IDS project was maintained throughout.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Classification of cloud fields based on textural characteristics (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The present study reexamines the applicability of texture-based features for automatic cloud classification using very high spatial resolution (57 m) Landsat multispectral scanner digital data. It is concluded that cloud classification can be accomplished using only a single visible channel.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Digital Image Processing and Visual Communications Technologies in Meteorology; Oct 27, 1987 - Oct 28, 1987; Cambridge, MA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Cloud field classification based upon high spatial resolution textural features. II - Simplified vector approaches (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper compares the results of cloud-field classification derived from two simplified vector approaches, the Sum and Difference Histogram (SADH) and the Gray Level Difference Vector (GLDV), with the results produced by the Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) approach described by Welch et al. (1988). It is shown that the SADH method produces accuracies equivalent to those obtained using the GLCM method, while the GLDV method fails to resolve error clusters. Compared to the GLCM method, the SADH method leads to a 31 percent saving in run time and a 50 percent saving in storage requirements, while the GLVD approach leads to a 40 percent saving in run time and an 87 percent saving in storage requirements.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 14749-14
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Cumulus cloud field morphology and spatial patterns derived from high spatial resolution Landsat imagery (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Using high-spatial-resolution Landsat MSS imagery, the cumulus cloud morphology, cloud nearest-neighbor distributions, and cloud clumping scales were investigated. It is shown that the cloud-size distribution can be represented by a mixture of two power laws; clouds of diameters less than 1 km have power-law slope range of 1.4-2.3, while larger clouds have slopes from 2.1 to 4.75. The break in power-law slope occurs at the cloud size that makes the largest contribution to cloud cover. Results suggest that larger clouds grow at the expense of smaller clouds. It was also found that the cloud inhomogeneities have significant impact on radiative fluxes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 29; 1245-126
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Aquarius RFI Detection and Mitigation Algorithm: Assessment and Examples (2013)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Aquarius is an L-band radiometer system designed to map sea surface salinity from space. This is a sensitive measurement, and protection from radio frequency interference (RFI) is important for success. An initial look at the performance of the Aquarius RFI detection and mitigation algorithm is reported together with examples of the global distribution of RFI at the L-band. To protect against RFI, Aquarius employs rapid sampling (10 ms) and a "glitch" detection algorithm that looks for outliers among the samples. Samples identified as RFI are removed, and the remainder is averaged to produce an RFI-free signal for the salinity retrieval algorithm. The RFI detection algorithm appears to work well over the ocean with modest rates for false alarms (5%) and missed detection. The global distribution of RFI coincides well with population centers and is consistent with observations reported by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN24578 , IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; 52; 8; 4574-4584
    Format: text
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