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  • 1
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    Global variability of precipitation according to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-11
    Description: Numerous studies have documented the effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on rainfall in many regions of the globe. The question of whether ENSO is the single most important factor in interannual rainfall variability has received less attention, mostly because the kind of data that would be required to make such an assessment were simply not available. Until 1979 the evidence linking El Nino with changes in rainfall around the world came from rain gauges measuring precipitation over land masses and a handful of islands. From 1980 until the launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in November 1997 the remote sensing evidence was confined to ocean rainfall because of the very poor sensitivity of the instruments over land. In this paper we summarize the results of a principal component analysis of TRMM's 60-month (January 1998 to December 2002) global land and ocean remote-sensing record of monthly rainfall accumulations. Contrary to the first principal component of the rainfall itself, the first three indices of the anomaly are most sensitive to precipitation over the ocean rather than over the land. With the help of archived surface station data the first TRMM rain anomaly index is extended back several decades. Comparison of the extended index with the Southern Oscillation Index confirms that the first principal component of the rainfall anomaly is strongly correlated with the ENSO indices.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; Volume 109; D17103
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Recent Observations of Clouds and Precipitation by the Airborne Precipitation Radar 2nd Generation in Support of the GPM and ACE Missions (2012)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper we illustrate the unique dataset collected during the Global Precipitation Measurement Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx, US/Canada Jan/Feb 2012). We will focus on the significance of these observations for the development of algorithms for GPM and ACE, with particular attention to classification and retrievals of frozen and mixed phase hydrometeors.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing; Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing; Oct 29, 2012 - Nov 01, 2012; Kyoto; Japan
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    The Next Generation of Spaceborne Radars for Cloud and Precipitation Measurements (2017)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-07
    Description: NASAs Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) is currently developing advanced instrument concepts and technologies for the next generation of spaceborne atmospheric radars for clouds and precipitation measurements. Two representative examples are the Radar in a CubeSat (RainCube) a miniaturized Ka-band precipitation intensity profiling radar for operation on a 6U CubeSat bus; and the Multi-Application Smallsat Tri-band Radar (MASTR) a Ku/Ka/W band, electronic scanning, and Doppler atmospheric radar. These radar concepts will be capable of providing information on both the state and the process of the atmospheric water (as opposed to just the state information provided by existing spaceborne radars) to fill the current observational gaps in the advancement of weather and climate models.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing; Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: JPL-CL-CL#17-3680 , RADAR 2017 - International Conference on Radar Systems 2017; Oct 23, 2017 - Oct 26, 2017; Belfast; Ireland
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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