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  • 1
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    New observations of the NOy/N2O correlation in the lower stratosphere (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: During the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 (AASE 2), September 1991 through March 1992, in situ measurements of reactive nitrogen (NO(y) and N20 were made in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere. We present an analysis of this new data and compare it with results from similar data taken during AASE in the winter of 1989. In the Northern Hemisphere there is consistent linear correlation of N2O and NO(y) which shows no interannual variation. Cases of departure from a linear correlation are examined and classified as being due to denitrification (NO(y) loss) or sampling air from a region where the photochemical lifetime of NO(y) is decreased. The latter case was observed for the first time in the winter of 1992.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2531-2534
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The evolution of ClO and NO along air parcel trajectories (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Back trajectory analysis of Arctic and Antarctic aircraft data reveals that high ClO concentrations are associated with predicted polar stratospheric cloud (PSCs) encounters. The ClO concentrations within the Arctic and Antarctic polar vortices vary widely but appear to be inversely related to parcel solar exposure since the last PSC interaction. These results imply that production of NO(x) from HNO3 photolysis and reaction with OH is the mechanism for the loss of chlorine radicals through the reformation of chlorine nitrate. Highly denitrified air parcels show no change in ClO with solar exposure. The recovery process is quantitatively duplicated using a model of chemistry along trajectories. Although PSC processing is the primary mechanism for producing elevated ClO amounts, back trajectories apparently unperturbed by PSC's also show slightly elevated ClO levels in 1992 compared to Arctic 1989 and Antarctic 1987 measurements presumably due to the presence of Pinatubo aerosol.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2511-2514
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Interpretation of NO(x)/NO(y) observations from AASE-2 using a model of chemistry along trajectories (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In situ measurements of NO and NO(y) are used to derive the ratio NO(x)/NO(y) along the flight track of the NASA ER-2 aircraft. Data are presented for two flights at midlatitudes in October 1991 during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition-2 (AASE-2). Aerosol particle surface area was concurrently measured. The observations are compared with a photochemical model integrated along back trajectories from the aircraft flight track. Comparison of observations with the model run along trajectories and at a fixed position clearly and quantitatively demonstrates the importance of an air parcel's dynamic history in interpretation of local chemical observations. Comparison of the data with model runs under different assumptions regarding heterogeneous chemistry further reinforces the case for occurrence of the reaction of N2O5 + H2O on sulfate aerosol surfaces in the atmosphere. Finally, comparisons for which relative changes in the model and the data are not consistent caution that our ability to resolve all the observations is not yet complete.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2507-2510
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Transport out of the lower stratospheric Arctic vortex by Rossby wave breaking (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The fine-scale structure in lower stratospheric tracer transport during the period of the two Arctic Airborne Stratospheric Expeditions (January and February 1989; December 1991 to March 1992) is investigated using contour advection with surgery calculations. These calculations show that Rossby wave breaking is an ongoing occurrence during these periods and that air is ejected from the polar vortex in the form of long filamentary structures. There is good qualitative agreement between these filaments and measurements of chemical tracers taken aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft. The ejected air generally remains filamentary and is stretched and mixed with midlatitude air as it is wrapped around the vortex. This process transfers vortex air into midlatitudes and also produces a narrow region of fine-scale filaments surrounding the polar vortex. Among other things, this makes it difficult to define a vortex edge. The calculations also show that strong stirring can occur inside as well as outside the vortex.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; D1; p. 1071-1088
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Trends in stratospheric temperature (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Stratospheric temperatures for long-term and recent trends and the determination of whether observed changes in upper stratospheric temperatures are consistent with observed ozone changes are discussed. The long-term temperature trends were determined up to 30mb from radiosonde analysis (since 1970) and rocketsondes (since 1969 and 1973) up to the lower mesosphere, principally in the Northern Hemisphere. The more recent trends (since 1979) incorporate satellite observations. The mechanisms that can produce recent temperature trends in the stratosphere are discussed. The following general effects are discussed: changes in ozone, changes in other radiatively active trace gases, changes in aerosols, changes in solar flux, and dynamical changes. Computations were made to estimate the temperature changes associated with the upper stratospheric ozone changes reported by the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument aboard Nimbus-7 and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) instruments.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Report of the International Ozone Trends Panel 1988, Volume 2; p 443-498
    Format: application/pdf
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