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  • Meteorology and Climatology  (4)
  • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION  (3)
  • J NO 2  (2)
  • AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION  (1)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the photodissociation coefficient of NO2 in the atmosphere: I. Method and surface measurements (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 1 (1983), S. 3-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: J NO 2 ; NO2 photolysis ; atmospheric photochemistry ; J NO 2measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract An instrument, specifically designed for measurements from a balloon platform in the stratosphere, has been used to obtain ground-level values of the atmospheric photodissociation coefficient of nitrogen dioxide, J NO 2.A typical clear-sky value is 8.0×10-3 s-1 when the solar zenith angle is 40°. Measurements were made as a function of solar zenith angle and correlated with a calibrated Eppley UV radiometer. It is shown that J NO 2may be expressed as a simple function of the radiometer output so that estimates of J NO 2can be made using just an upward looking radiometer to an accuracy of about 20%. The measurements are also found to be in good agreement with calculations of J NO 2using a simplified isotropic multiple scattering computer routine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00113977
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the photodissociation coefficient of NO2 in the atmosphere: II, stratospheric measurements (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 3 (1985), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: J NO 2 ; NO2 photolysis ; atmospheric photochemistry ; J NO 2 measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The photodissociation coefficient of NO2, J NO 2, has been measured from a balloon platform in the stratosphere. Results from two balloon flights are reported. High Sun values of J NO 2 measured were 10.5±0.3 and 10.3±0.3×10-3 s-1 at 24 and 32 km respectively. The decrease in J NO 2 at sunset was monitored in both flights. The measurements are found to be in good agreement with calculations of J NO 2 using a simplified isotropic multiple scattering computer routine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210498
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  • 3
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    AASE-2 in-situ tracer correlations of methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone as observed aboard the DC-8 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report in situ stratospheric measurements of CH4, N2O, and O3 obtained aboard the NASA DC-8 during the January-March 1992 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition 2 field campaign. These data demonstrate a strong linear correlation between N2O and CH4 in the lower stratosphere thus indicating that both species are effective tracers of stratospheric air motion. Measurements of both species on constant geometric height surfaces indicate that significant subsidence of the arctic stratospheric air mass occurred at DC-8 altitudes over the course of the AASE-2 expedition. In addition, a widespread reduction in O3 mixing ratios (up to 20%) relative to these conserved tracers was also observed in the lower stratosphere in March as compared to January and February results.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2543-2546
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    An intercomparison of airborne nitrogen dioxide instruments (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results on NO2 instruments are reported from the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 (CITE 2) program in summer 1986. The instruments tested were (1) a two-photon LIF system using a laser for NO2-NO photolysis, (2) a chemiluminescence (CL) detector using FeSO4 for NO2-NO conversion, (3) a CL detector using an arc lamp for NO2-NO photolysis, and (4) a tunable-laser-diode multipath-absorption system. The procedures for the CITE 2 ground-based and flight tests are described in detail, and the results are presented in extensive graphs. Instrument (2) was eliminated because the FeSO4 converted atmospheric PAN to NO, resulting in spuriously high NO2 values. The remaining instruments gave readings in 30-40-percent agreement at NO2 mixing ratios of 100-200 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). At ratios below 50 pptv, the correlation among the measurements was very poor, with a tendency for system (4) to give higher values than (1) or (3).
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10103-10
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  • 5
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    Convective Generation of Cirrus Near the Tropopause (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: The July 2004 CRYSTAL-FACE field program, based from Key West, Florida, showed that long-lived thin tropopause cirrus (TTC) layers were common above thunderstorm anvils. This paper investigates the origins of these cloud using airborne measurements. The horizontal dimensions of the TTC were nearly identical to the convectively formed anvil beneath. However, the TTC did not appear to have originated from convective detrainment. Rather it appears to have formed in stably stratified air derived from high altitudes near the tropopause. The TTC was separated from the anvil by approx. 1 km, it lacked precipitation particles, and it was strongly depleted in HDO. Nonetheless, compared to surrounding clear air near the tropopause, the TTC was enriched in moisture and trace gases in a manner consistent with it having mixed with the same convective airmass that produced the anvil. Unlike surrounding air, the TTC had embedded a monochromatic gravity wave with a wavelength of 2 km and an amplitude of several hundred meters. Combined, this evidence, supported by a photograph from CRYSTAL-FACE, leads to the conjecture that the TTC originated as a pileus cloud layer, which formed near the tropopause ahead of vigorous convective uplift. We hypothesize that the pileus was penetrated by the convection, moistened through mixing, and once the convection subsided, it was sustained by radiative cooling due to the presence of the anvil layer beneath.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 6
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    Florida Thunderstorms: A Faucet of Reactive Nitrogen to the Upper Troposphere (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: During the NASA Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) enhanced mixing ratios of nitric oxide were measured in the anvils of thunderstorms and in clear air downwind of storm systems on flights of a Wl3-57F high-altitude aircraft. Mixing ratios greater than l0 - 20 times background were readily observed over distances of 25-120 km due to lightning activity. In many of the Florida storms deposition of NO occurred up to near the tropopause but major deposition usually occurred 1 - 2 km below the tropopause, or mostly within the visible anvil volume formed prior to storm decay. Observations from two storms of very different anvil size and electrical activity allowed estimates of the total mass of NO, vented to the middle and upper troposphere. Using the cloud-to ground (CG) flash accumulations from the National Lightning Detection Network, climatological intra-cloud (IC) to CG ratios, and assuming that CG and IC flashes were of equivalent efficiency for NO production, the ranges of production per flash for a moderate-sized and a large storm were (0.51 - 1.0) x l0(exp 26) and (2.3 - 3.1) x 10(exp 26) molecules NO/flash, respectively. Using the recently determined average global flash rate of 44 8, a gross extrapolation of these two storms to represent possible global annual production rates yield 1.6 - 3.2 and 7.3 - 9.9 Tg(N)/yr, respectively. If the more usual assumption is made that IC efficiency is l/l0th that of CG activity, the ranges of production for the moderate-sized and large storm were (1.3 - 2.7) x l0(exp 26) and (6.0 - 8.1) x l0(exp 26) molecules NO/CG flash, respectively. The estimates from the large storm may be high because there is indirect evidence that the IC/CG ratio was larger than would be derived from climatology. These two storms and others studied did not have flash rates that scaled as approx. H(sup 5) where H is the cloud top altitude. The observed CG flash accumulations and NO(x) mass production estimate for the month of July over the Florida area were compared with a representative 3D global Chemistry-Transport Model (CTMJ that uses the Price et al. lightning parameterization. For two land grid points representing the Florida peninsula the model compared well with the observations: CG flash rates were low by only a factor of approx. 2. When the model grid points included the coastal regions of Florida the flash accumulations were lower than observed by a factor of 3.4 - 4.6. It is recommended that models using the Price et al. parameterization allow any global coastal grid point to maintain the land rather than the marine flash rate parameterization. The convection in this CTM underestimated the actual cloud top heights over Florida by 1 - 2 km and thus the total lightning flash rates and the altitude range of reactive nitrogen deposition. Broad scale (20 - 120 km) median mixing ratios of NO within anvils over Florida were significantly larger than in storms previously investigated over Colorado and New Mexico.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
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  • 7
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    In situ measurements of nitric oxide, water vapour and ozone from an aircraft (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper describes flight tests of prototype instruments for the NASA global atmospheric sampling program (GASP). Three gas sampling instruments were included in the installation: (1) a chemiluminescent nitric oxide monitor; (2) an ultraviolet absorption ozone monitor; and (3) an aluminum oxide water vapor hygrometer. Results indicate the range and kind of variability in NO, H2O, and O3 that can be expected in routine tropospheric air sampling. They have also demonstrated the need for increasing instrument sensitivities, particularly in NO measurement.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: International Conference on the Environmental Impact of Aerospace Operations in the High Atmosphere; Jul 08, 1974 - Jul 10, 1974; San Diego, CA
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  • 8
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    Quantifying the Impact of the North American Monsoon and Deep Midlatitude Convection on the Subtropical Lowermost Stratosphere using in Situ Measurements (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The chemical composition of the lowermost stratosphere exhibits both spatial and temporal variability depending upon the relative strength of (1) isentropic transport from the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), (2) diabatic descent from the midlatitude and northern midlatitude stratosphere followed by equatorward isentropic transport, and (3) diabatic ascent from the troposphere through convection. In situ measurements made in the lowermost stratosphere over Florida illustrate the additional impact of equatorward flow around the monsoon anticyclone. This flow carries, along with older stratospheric air, the distinct signature of deep midlatitude convection. We use simultaneous in situ measurements of water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), total odd nitrogen (NOy), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the framework of a simple box model to quantify the composition of the air sampled in the lowermost stratosphere during the mission on the basis of tracer mixing ratios ascribed to the source regions for these transport pathways. The results show that in the summer, convection has a significant impact on the composition of air in the lowermost stratosphere, being the dominant source of water vapor up to the 380 K isentrope. The implications of these results extend from the potential for heterogeneous ozone loss resulting from the increased frequency and lifetime of cirrus near the local tropopause, to air with increased water vapor that as part of the equatorward flow associated with the North American monsoon can become part of the general circulation.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 112
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  • 9
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    Stratospheric NO(y) measurements on the NASA DC-8 during AASE 2 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: We survey measurements of stratospheric NO(y) on the NASA DC-8 during AASE 2 in early 1992. Emphasis is on correlations with other long-lived species: O3, N2O, and CH4. No cases of extremely high NO(y)/O3 ratios were seen in 1992. This suggests that denitrification at higher altitudes was less pervasive than in 1989. Values of NO(y)/O3 in 1992 are comparable to, though perhaps lower than, those measured in 1989. The correlation of NO(y) with N2O changes over the course of the mission. Relative to the correlation for the whole season, low values of NO(y) occur in February, most notably on the 22nd. The reason for the low NO(y) is unknown. It is generally too warm at DC-8 altitudes for the presence of Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) particles, but denitrification at higher altitudes, followed by descent, might account for the low values seen on 22 February. However, this may be unlikely since the NASA ER-2, flying during the same period, saw no evidence of denitrification at higher altitudes (Loewenstein et al., 1993).
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 20; 22; p. 2563-2566
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  • 10
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    Convective transport of reactive constituents to the tropical and mid-latitude tropopause region: I. Observations (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Measurements of ozone, reactive carbon and nitrogen, and other trace constituents from flights of the NASA WB-57F aircraft in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere reveal that convection in the tropics can present a complex mix of surface-emitted constituents right up to the altitude of the lapse rate tropopause. At higher latitudes over the southern US, the strongest transport signal, in terms of constituent mixing ratios, occurred in the potential temperature range of 340-350K or approximately over the altitude range of 9-11km. Weaker convective signals were also seen up to near the tropopause. There was no evidence of convective transport directly into the lower stratosphere from these flights. $CPY 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 1352-2310); 38; 9; 1259-1274
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