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  • 1
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    Sorption cooler technology development at JPL (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Simple heating and cooling of chemisorption and physisorption compressors provide high pressure gas, which, when expanded through a Joule-Thomson (J- T) valve, can provide cooling from 0.3 to 200 K depending on the sorbent/gas combination. System life tests are under way on Pr(1-n)Ce(n)O(x)/O2 (PCO/O2) chemisorption compressors for 65-80 K cooling and on carbon/krypton (C/Kr) physisorption compressors for 120-140 K cooling. Investigations have been initiated to examine reliability physics issues related to critical compressor components such as sorbents, container materials and electrical heaters.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: Cryogenics (ISSN 0011-2275); 30; 239-245
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Development of a high-performance cryogenic radiator with V-groove radiation shields (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A feasibility demonstration model of a new-technology, high-performance, cryogenic radiative cooler has been successfully tested in a helium-cooled vacuum chamber. Thermal isolation of the radiator cold stage from the warm spacecraft and instrument is achieved by a novel arrangement of lightweight radiation shields which form large V-groove cavities, and by the use of low-conductance structural supports. The vacuum chamber experiments demonstrate the thermal isolation capability of the radiator design. Analytical model predictions are all within 1 K of the measured test temperatures. Utilization of this design enables reasonably sized radiative coolers (less than 0.3 sq m) to achieve operating temperatures below 60 K at earth, Mars, and beyond for useful cooling loads below 75 mW. The design can be scaled to accommodate larger heat loads. The reduction in operating temperature of over 15 K relative to any radiative cooler flown in the past will allow the V-groove isolation radiator to meet the challenging instrument cooling requirements of many future space missions.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 24; 193-197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Improving adsorption cryocoolers by multi-stage compression and reducing void volume (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is shown that the performance of gas adsorption cryocoolers is greatly improved by using adsorbents with low void volume within and between individual adsorbent particles (reducing void volumes in plumbing lines), and by compressing the working fluid in more than one stage. Refrigerator specific power requirements and compressor volumetric efficiencies are obtained in terms of adsorbent and plumbing line void volumes and operating pressures for various charcoal adsorbents using an analytical model. Performance optimization curves for 117.5 and 80 K charcoal/nitrogen adsorption cryocoolers are given for both single stage and multistage compressor systems, and compressing the nitrogen in two stages is shown to lower the specific power requirements by 18 percent for the 117.5 K system.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: Cryogenics (ISSN 0011-2275); 26; 450-458
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  • 4
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    Joule-Thomson cryogenic cooler with extremely high thermal stability (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An 80-K Joule-Thomson (J-T) cooling system designed for the Probe Infrared Laser Spectrometer (PIRLS) proposed for the Huygens Titan Probe of the Cassini Saturn orbiter mission is presented. The cryogenic cooling requirements of the PIRLS instrument are listed, and the cooler system design including details of a J-T cryostat, cold head, and dewar design is described along with the results of a thermal modeling effort and lab cooler performance testing. It is shown that by using active feedback temperature control of the cold head in combination with the self-regulating action of the J-T cryostat, a temperature stability of less than 0.1 mK/min is achieved by the cooler weighting 1.8 kg.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 91-1427
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Three-stage sorption type cryogenic refrigeration systems and methods employing heat regeneration (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A three-stage sorption type cryogenic refrigeration system, each stage containing a fluid having a respectively different boiling point, is presented. Each stage includes a compressor in which a respective fluid is heated to be placed in a high pressure gaseous state. The compressor for that fluid which is heated to the highest temperature is enclosed by the other two compressors to permit heat to be transferred from the inner compressor to the surrounding compressors. The system may include two sets of compressors, each having the structure described above, with the interior compressors of the two sets coupled together to permit selective heat transfer therebetween, resulting in more efficient utilization of input power.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
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  • 6
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    Multicomponent gas sorption Joule-Thomson refrigeration (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present invention relates to a cryogenic Joule-Thomson refrigeration capable of pumping multicomponent gases with a single stage sorption compressor system. Alternative methods of pumping a multicomponent gas with a single stage compressor are disclosed. In a first embodiment, the sorbent geometry is such that a void is defined near the output of the sorption compressor. When the sorbent is cooled, the sorbent primarily adsorbs the higher boiling point gas such that the lower boiling point gas passes through the sorbent to occupy the void. When the sorbent is heated, the higher boiling point gas is desorbed at high temperature and pressure and thereafter propels the lower boiling point gas out of the sorption compressor. A mixing chamber is provided to remix the constituent gases prior to expansion of the gas through a Joule-Thomson valve. Other methods of pumping a multicomponent gas are disclosed. For example, where the sorbent is porous and the low boiling point gas does not adsorb very well, the pores of the sorbent will act as a void space for the lower boiling point gas. Alternatively, a mixed sorbent may be used where a first sorbent component physically adsorbs the high boiling point gas and where the second sorbent component chemically absorbs the low boiling point gas.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
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  • 7
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    Two stage sorption type cryogenic refrigerator including heat regeneration system (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A lower stage chemisorption refrigeration system physically and functionally coupled to an upper stage physical adsorption refrigeration system is disclosed. Waste heat generated by the lower stage cycle is regenerated to fuel the upper stage cycle thereby greatly improving the energy efficiency of a two-stage sorption refrigerator. The two stages are joined by disposing a first pressurization chamber providing a high pressure flow of a first refrigerant for the lower stage refrigeration cycle within a second pressurization chamber providing a high pressure flow of a second refrigerant for the upper stage refrigeration cycle. The first pressurization chamber is separated from the second pressurization chamber by a gas-gap thermal switch which at times is filled with a thermoconductive fluid to allow conduction of heat from the first pressurization chamber to the second pressurization chamber.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: NAS 1.71:NPO-17630-1-CU
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  • 8
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    Flexible thermal apparatus for mounting of thermoelectric cooler (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A flexible heat transfer apparatus used to flexibly connect and thermally couple a thermoelectric cooler to an object to be cooled is disclosed. The flexible heat transfer apparatus consists of a pair of flexible corrugated sheets made from high thermal conductivity materials such as copper, aluminum, gold, or silver. The ridges of the corrugated sheets are oriented perpendicular to one another and bonded sandwich-fashion between three plates to define an upper section and a lower section. The upper section provides X flexure, the lower section provides Y flexure, and both sections together provide Z flexure.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
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  • 9
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    Thermal systems design and analysis for a 10 K Sorption Cryocooler flight experiment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The design, analysis and predicted performance of the Brilliant Eyes Ten-Kelvin Sorption Cryocooler Experiment (BETSCE) is described from a thermal perspective. BETSCE is a shuttle side-wall mounted cryogenic technology demonstration experiment planned for launch in November 1994. BETSCE uses a significant amount of power (about 500 W peak) and the resultant heat must be rejected passively with radiators, as BETSCE has no access to the active cooling capability of the shuttle. It was a major challenge to design and configure the individual hardware assemblies, with their relatively large radiators, to enable them to reject their heat while satisfying numerous severe shuttle-imposed constraints. This paper is a useful case study of a small shuttle payload that needs to reject relatively high heat loads passively in a highly constrained thermal environment. The design approach described is consistent with today's era of 'faster, better, cheaper' small-scale space missions.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-2825 , AIAA, Thermophysics Conference; Jul 06, 1993 - Jul 09, 1993; Orlando, FL; United States|; 12 p.
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  • 10
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    Regenerative sorption compressors for cryogenic refrigeration (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Dramatic efficiency improvements for sorption coolers appear possible with use of compressor heat regeneration techniques. The general theory of sorption compressor heat regeneration is discussed in this paper, and several design concepts are presented. These designs result in long-life, low-vibration cryocoolers that potentially have efficiencies comparable to Stirling refrigerators for 65 to 90 K spacecraft instrument cooling applications.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: 1989 Cryogenic Engineering Conference; Jul 24, 1989 - Jul 28, 1989; Los Angeles, CA; United States
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